Abstract: The invention provides methods for substituting polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polyheterocyclic compounds with perfluoroalkyl groups. The methods can include heating a polyaromatic hydrocarbon substrate or a polyheterocyclic compound substrate in the presence of a perfluoroalkyl iodide, typically in a closed system, wherein the heating is sufficient to bring both the polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polyheterocyclic compound, and the perfluoroalkyl iodide, into the gas phase, thereby allowing the substrate to react with the perfluoroalkyl iodide in the gas phase to form polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polyheterocyclic compounds having one or more perfluoroalkyl substituents. The methods allow for the creation of versatile libraries of novel perfluoroalkyl-containing derivatives that can serve as important building blocks and active components in biomedical, electronic, and materials applications.

Abstract: Polynucleotides encode polypeptides for increasing the rate of growth of plants. Introduction of the polynucleotides into plants produces plants having altered characteristics, such as increased growth, increased leaf area and reduced fertility. Expression of polypeptides in plants or plant cells promotes cell division. Expression of the polynucleotides in plants in the antisense orientation produces plants that are sterile or have smaller leaves.

Abstract: Polynucleotides encoding polypeptides which increase the rate of growth of plants were identified. Introduction of the polynucleotides into plants produces plants having altered characteristics, such as increased growth, increased leaf area and reduced fertility. Expression of the polypeptides in plants or plant cells promotes cell division. Expression of the polynucleotides in plants in the antisense orientation may produce plants that are sterile or have smaller leaves.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalyst components comprising a compound having a weakly coordinating anion salt and a reactive cation, in particular a compound of the formula MxQy. Preferably, each M is independently a cation with at least one M being a reactive cation as defined herein. Q is a fluorinated polyhedral borate moiety. And x and y are absolute values of the oxidation states of Q and M, respectively. The present invention also provides processes for using the catalyst components defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting a presence of an analyte in a fluid medium. Specifically, the present invention provides a detection probe comprising an analyte affinity compound which has a higher affinity for the analyte in a fluid medium than the fluid medium itself. In this manner, the analyte in the fluid medium is concentrated onto the detection probe. The present invention also provides a method for using the same in qualitative or quantitative analysis of the analyte in a fluid medium.

Abstract: Four floral homeotic genes from Poplar are disclosed. The disclosed nucleic acid molecules are useful for producing transgenic plants having modified fertility characteristics, particularly sterility.

Abstract: The present invention provides weakly coordinating anion salts comprising a reactive cation and uses thereof. In particular, the present invention provides compounds of the formula MxQy and uses thereof, where M, Q, x, and y are those defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides weakly coordinating anion salts comprising a reactive cation and uses thereof. In particular, the present invention provides compounds of the formula MxQy and uses thereof. Preferably, each M is independently a cation with at least one M being a reactive cation as defined herein. Q is a fluorinated polyhedral borate moiety. And x and y are absolute values of the oxidation states of Q and M, respectively.

Abstract: Four floral homeotic genes from Poplar are disclosed. The disclosed nucleic acid molecules are useful for producing transgenic plants having modified fertility characteristics, particularly sterility.

Abstract: A compound comprising a polyfluorinated anion and the use thereof is provided. Specifically, the present invention provides a compound comprising an anion which comprises a polyfluorinated alkoxide coordinated to a transition metal, or a Group III, IV or V element.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound comprising fluorinated aminoborate monoanion of the formula: [R1R2R3N—BaHbFc]−1  I methods for preparing the same, and uses thereof, where R1, R2, R3, a, b, and c are those defined herein.

Abstract: A compound comprising a polyfluorinated anion of the formula [M1(XC(CFa(R1)b)(CFc(R2)d)R3)m(R4)n]−p and the use thereof is provided. Specifically, the present invention provides a compound comprising a anion which comprises a polyfluorinated alkoxide coordinated to a transition metal, or a Group III, IV or V element.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds comprising a polyhalogenated heteroborane anion of the formula RaZBbHcFdXe(OR″)f−1, and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention provides compounds comprising a polyfluorinated monocarborane anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds comprising a polyhalogenated heteroborane anion of the formula R.sub.a ZB.sub.b H.sub.c F.sub.d X.sub.e (OR").sub.f.sup.-1, and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention provides compounds comprising a polyfluorinated monocarborane anion.