Abstract: There is provided an improved process for producing a silica gel having improved pore volume relative to conventional silica gels which comprises the steps of gelling an aqueous alkali metal silicate with an aqueous acid, washing the resulting gel to remove salt or salts and acid, and soaking the gel in an aqueous solution of a water soluble aluminum salt to impart from 0.1% to 0.7% by weight aluminum on the dry basis to said gel, drying and reducing the particle size of the dried gel to from 2.0 to 15 microns, said particles having a pore volume in the range of 1.25 to 2.25 cm.sup.3 /gram. and a product produced by said process.

Abstract: A mass of fine particulates such as chlorinated by-products (often collected as "cyclone solids") from the chlorination of titaniferous material, said particulates comprising hydrolyzable metal halides, are converted to readily-handled granules by hydration and attendant agglomeration as heat and vapors evolve.

Abstract: An aqueous ferrous sulfate waste stream is converted into sludge and improved water effluent by a preferably ambient indoor temperature and pressure flow process comprising: turbulently mixing said stream with a substantial excess of gaseous oxygen and a small excess of impalpable calcium carbonate in a reaction zone until the iron content of said stream is virtually all sludged; classifying resulting sludge into a coarser solids fraction (a portion of which is recycled to the sludging operation) and an aqueous suspension of finer solids; and separating finer solids from such aqueous suspension. As such streams usually contain free sulfuric acid, it is desirable to first precipitate from the stream a primary gypsum product by neutralization prior to such sludging operation.

Abstract: Particulate waste comprising hydrolyzable metal chlorides, typically chlorinated byproducts from the chlorination of titaniferous material, is treated in an oxidizing atmosphere at elevated temperature for depleting it of chlorine and for subsequent recovery of values.