Abstract: An apparatus for making alternate S and Z twist plied yarn from individual singles yarns. The apparatus twists the singles yarns as they move in a path through the process, twisting the individual yarns in either an S or Z direction. The bonding of the ply-twisted yarns at a node while applying twist forms a bond characterized by a dense region of filaments adhesively joined together where one of the strands overlaps another strand, followed by a less dense region along the one strand where fewer filaments are adhesively joined, followed by another dense region.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making alternate S and Z twist plied yarn from individual singles yarns includes the steps of tensioning the singles yarns as they move in a path through the process, twisting the individual yarns in either an S or Z direction, snubbing the yarn to restrain ply twisting so the twist in the singles yarn can equalize itself, stopping the forward movement of the yarn, then bonding the ply-twisted yarns at a node while applying twist, stopping the twisting operation, then repeating the procedure while twisting in the opposite direction. The ply twisted yarn has a lower defect level of less than 2.5 defects per 100 inch length of yarn.

Abstract: An alternate twist plied yarn formed from a plurality of strands of singles yarn twisted in alternating directions in lengthwise intervals of first half-cycles of twist at a predetermined twist level followed by second half-cycles of twist at the same twist level with reversal nodes therebetween, the singles twisted yarns being ply-twisted together in alternating directions in lengthwise intervals of first half-cycles of ply-twist followed by second half-cycles of ply-twist, there being a bond formed adjacent each node wherein the first half-cycle of ply-twist is located within the bond and the second half-cycle of ply-twist originates at one end of the bond, the twist level in the singles twisted yarn is between 25% in the same direction and 60% in the opposite direction of the twist applied to the singles yarns before plying.

Abstract: A system for bonding alternate S and Z twist plied yarn. The system bonds the plied yarns as they move in a path through the process and permits balanced expansion of the yarn while preventing lateral movement out of the path. The bonding of the yarn strands while plied together, forms a bond characterized by a dense region of filaments adhesively joined together where one of the strands overlaps another strand, followed by a less dense region along the one strand where fewer filaments are adhesively joined, followed by another dense region.