Abstract: Disclosed herein are binding agents, conjugates, and extracellular vesicles that enhance penetration of the blood brain barrier. Uses thereof for delivery of agents, e.g., therapeutic agents, to the central nervous system are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of delivering a polypeptide, e.g., an antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, to the central nervous system of a subject, by administering to the subject the polypeptide (e.g., antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof) conjugated to the surface of an extracellular vesicle (EV) derived from a neural cell, e.g., a neural progenitor cell or a neural stem cell. Conjugates comprising neural EVs coupled to a polypeptide, such as an antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, and methods of use thereof, are also provided. Also disclosed herein are methods of delivering a polypeptide, e.g., an antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, by administering to the subject the polypeptide (e.g., antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof) loaded within the lumen of an extracellular vesicle (EV) derived from neural cells.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are neural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and methods of using these EVs in the treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of avian induced pluripotent stem cells from non-pluripotent somatic cells, including embryonic fibroblasts and adult somatic cells. In this method, avian (including quail or chicken) somatic cells are reprogrammed into a state closely resembling embryonic stem cells including the expression of key stem cell markers alkaline phosphatase, etc. by transfecting/transducing the non-stem cells with genes (preferably using a non-integrating vector as otherwise described herein or alternatively an integrating vector, such a lentiviral vector, retroviral vector or inducible lentiviral vector, among others) which express at least nanog, Lin28 and cMyc. In preferred aspects of the invention, the transfected/transduced vectors express nanog, Lig28, cMyc, Oct 4 (POU5F1 or PouV), SOX2 and KLF4. The induced stem cells which are produced contribute to all 3 germ layers, the trophectoderm and in certain aspects, the gonad in chimeric offspring.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are neural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and methods of using these EVs in the treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of avian induced pluripotent stem cells from non-pluripotent somatic cells, including embryonic fibroblasts and adult somatic cells. In this method, avian (including quail or chicken) somatic cells are reprogrammed into a state closely resembling embryonic stem cells including the expression of key stem cell markers alkaline phosphatase, etc. by transfecting/transducing the non-stem cells with genes (preferably using a non-integrating vector as otherwise described herein or alternatively an integrating vector, such a lentiviral vector, retroviral vector or inducible lentiviral vector, among others) which express at least nanog, Lin28 and cMyc. In preferred aspects of the invention, the transfected/transduced vectors express nanog, Lig28, cMyc, Oct 4 (POU5F1 or PouV), SOX2 and KLF4. The induced stem cells which are produced contribute to all 3 germ layers, the trophectoderm and in certain aspects, the gonad in chimeric offspring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of avian induced pluripotent stem cells from non-pluripotent somatic cells, including embryonic fibroblasts and adult somatic cells. In this method, avian (including quail or chicken) somatic cells are reprogrammed into a state closely resembling embryonic stem cells including the expression of key stem cell markers alkaline phosphatase, etc. by transfecting/transducing the non-stem cells with genes (preferably using a non-integrating vector as otherwise described herein or alternatively an integrating vector, such a lentiviral vector, retroviral vector or inducible lentiviral vector, among others) which express at least nanog, Lin28 and cMyc. In preferred aspects of the invention, the transfected/transduced vectors express nanog, Lig28, cMyc, Oct 4 (POU5F1 or PouV), SOX2 and KLF4. The induced stem cells which are produced contribute to all 3 germ layers, the trophectoderm and in certain aspects, the gonad in chimeric offspring.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are neural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and methods of using these EVs in the treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are neural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and methods of using these EVs in the treatment of spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of avian induced pluripotent stem cells from non-pluripotent somatic cells, including embryonic fibroblasts and adult somatic cells. In this method, avian (including quail or chicken) somatic cells are reprogrammed into a state closely resembling embryonic stem cells including the expression of key stem cell markers alkaline phosphatase, etc. by transfecting/transducing the non-stem cells with genes (preferably using a non-integrating vector as otherwise described herein or alternatively an integrating vector, such a lentiviral vector, retroviral vector or inducible lentiviral vector, among others) which express at least nanog, Lin28 and cMyc. In preferred aspects of the invention, the transfected/transduced vectors express nanog, Lig28, cMyc, Oct 4 (POU5F1 or PouV), SOX2 and KLF4. The induced stem cells which are produced contribute to all 3 germ layers, the trophectoderm and in certain aspects, the gonad in chimeric offspring.

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and uses thereof are provided. MSCs for inducing ossification and enhancing bone and/qr cartilage repair in a patient in need thereof are also provided. The method and compositions combine MSCs, at least one bone regeneration protein, such as bone morphogenetic protein (e.g. BMP-2), optionally in combination with additional cell growth factors including the components of a cell growth medium, further in combination with a biomaterial for delivery of the cells to the repair site in the patient are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of avian induced pluripotent stem cells from non-pluripotent somatic cells, including embryonic fibroblasts and adult somatic cells. In this method, avian (including quail or chicken) somatic cells are reprogrammed into a state closely resembling embryonic stem cells including the expression of key stem cell markers alkaline phosphatase, etc. by transfecting/transducing the non-stem cells with genes (preferably using a non-integrating vector as otherwise described herein or alternatively an integrating vector, such a lentiviral vector, retroviral vector or inducible lentiviral vector, among others) which express at least nanog, Lin28 and cMyc. In preferred aspects of the invention, the transfected/transduced vectors express nanog, Lin28, cMyc, Oct 4 (POU5F1 or PouV), SOX2 and KLF4. The induced stem cells which are produced contribute to all 3 germ layers, the trophectoderm and in certain aspects, the gonad in chimeric offspring.

Abstract: Genetic material is derived from animals post-mortem, and used in nuclear transfer processes to produce cloned embryos and live cloned animals having genetic make-ups identical to the post mortem animals. The method has particular applicability to the management and breeding of livestock, to the production of animals having desired genetic traits, and to the integration of those genetic traits into selective breeding operations.

Abstract: Genetic material is derived from animals post-mortem, and used in nuclear transfer processes to produce cloned embryos and live cloned animals having genetic make-ups identical to the post mortem animals. The method has particular applicability to the management and breeding of livestock, to the production of animals having desired genetic traits, and to the integration of those genetic traits into selective breeding operations.

Abstract: An improved method of nuclear transfer involving the transplantation of donor differentiated pig cell nuclei into enucleated pig oocytes is provided. The resultant nuclear transfer units are useful for multiplication of genotypes and transgenic genotypes by the production of fetuses and offspring. Production of genetically engineered or transgenic pig embryos, fetuses and offspring is facilitated by the present method since the differentiated cell source of the donor nuclei can be genetically modified and clonally propagated.

Abstract: A culture system for maintaining avian PGCs for long periods in tissue culture is provided. This culture system uses LIF, bFGF, IGF-I and SCF. The resultant PGCs are useful for the production of transgenic and chimeric avians, in particular, chickens or turkeys.

Abstract: An improved method of nuclear transfer involving the transplantation of donor differentiated pig cell nuclei into enucleated pig oocytes is provided. The resultant nuclear transfer units are useful for multiplication of genotypes and transgenic genotypes by the production of fetuses and offspring. Production of genetically engineered or transgenic pig embryos, fetuses and offspring is facilitated by the present method since the differentiated cell source of the donor nuclei can be genetically modified and clonally propagated.

Abstract: Methods and cell lines for cloning ungulate embryos and offspring, in particular bovines and porcines, are provided. The resultant fetuses, embryos or offspring are especially useful for the expression of desired heterologous DNAs, and may be used as a source of cells or tissue for transplantation therapy for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: A process of parthenogenic activation of mammalian oocytes which includes increasing intercellular levels of divalent cations in the oocyte; and reducing phosphorylation of cellular proteins in the oocyte. One method of accomplishing this is by introducing Ca2+free cation, such as ionomycin, to the oocyte and then preventing phosphorylation of the cellular proteins within the oocyte by adding a serine-threonine kinase inhibitor, such as 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP).

Abstract: A method of producing a cloned or genetically modified non-human mammalian embryo comprising: (a) providing a cell culture comprising a plurality of in vitro matured oocytes; (b) preferentially selecting from the cell culture a rapidly matured oocyte or developmentally competent oocyte; (c) transferring DNA from a donor cell derived from non-human mammalian tissue to the matured oocyte to form a nuclear transfer unit; and (d) culturing said nuclear transfer unit to form an embryo. At the initiation of maturation, oocytes are preferably beyond the GV-II stage of prophase I. Porcine oocytes most preferably mature in about 20-28 hours.