Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods for assisting with legal research and for aiding in the discovery of information and documents relevant to a user's research focus or input text. The inventive systems receive identifications of relevant documents explicitly or implicitly from a user's research session or input text and, based on issues relevant to those documents, texts and other connections to those documents and texts, recommends similar or helpful documents to the user for their consideration. Recommendations may be ranked and filtered.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods for assisting with legal research and for aiding in the discovery of information and documents relevant to a user's research focus or input text. The inventive systems receive identifications of relevant documents explicitly or implicitly from a user's research session or input text and, based on issues relevant to those documents, texts and other connections to those documents and texts, recommends similar or helpful documents to the user for their consideration. Recommendations may be ranked and filtered.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards systems and methods for assisting with legal research and for aiding in the discovery of information and documents relevant to a user's research focus. The inventive systems receive identifications of relevant documents explicitly or implicitly from a user's research session and, based on issues relevant to those documents and other connections to those documents, recommends similar documents to the user for their consideration. Recommendations may be ranked and filtered and the recommendations and their ranking may be based at least in part on aggregated research session information from previous research sessions.

Abstract: A light gathering module (10) has a body (12) with a first end (14) comprising a single light transmitting surface (16) and a second end (18) having a plurality of arms (20), each arm (20) having an independent light gathering terminus (22) that is rectangular. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first end (14) of the body also is rectangular. The light gathering module (10) can be fabricated from acrylic, plastic, glass or other suitable material and preferably has no cladding so that light output I maximized. When combined in a housing (32) with a projector lens (34) the light gathering module (10) provides a vehicle headlamp (30).

Abstract: A lamp component has a support with a base surrounded by an interior wall defining a cavity with a central axis. A plurality of LEDs are supported on the interior wall and generally aimed to direct light towards the central axis. A center piece has a first reflective surface shaped and positioned to intercept light received from the LEDs and reflect such received light generally in a direction parallel to the axis.

Abstract: An LED lamp having a support with a metal substrate and a center portion with projecting wings. An electrically insulating, thermally conductive circuit is affixed to the substrate; and at least one LED is positioned on each wing with electrically conductive traces connected thereto. The center portion is planar. The wings are bent at multiple angles forming legs, a first angle being greater than 90 degrees, a second angle being normal to the planar center portion. The preferred center portion is pentagonal. The bulb cooperates with a socket that comprises a base; a hollow pedestal extending from the base, the pedestal having a polygonal interior; a thermally conductive, core having an exterior matching the interior; a gap between interior walls of the interior and exterior walls; and a plurality of electrical contacts positioned in the gap for contacting the traces when the bulb is inserted in the socket.

Abstract: A virtual point light source (10) has a support (12) having an axis (14), a plurality of individual light emitting diodes (16) positioned on the support (12); and an individual optic (18) associated with each of the light emitting diodes (16), each of the individual optics (18) focusing the light from its associated light emitting diode (16) to a virtual point (20) on the axis (14) at a distance (D) from said support.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) assembly and a method of making the assembly, in which a container having an open top is provided with a two sets of holes through a bottom of the container, an electrically conductive heat sink is attached to the container bottom beneath the first set of holes, and in which an electrically conductive sheet is attached to the container bottom beneath the second set of holes, where the heat sink and sheet are isolated from each other. LEDs are placed in the first set of holes so that each has a first LED terminal on and adhered to an exposed part of the heat sink through the respective one of the first holes and in which a second LED terminal is connected via a wire lead to the sheet through a respective one of the second holes.

Abstract: An LED lamp having a support with a metal substrate and a center portion with projecting wings. An electrically insulating, thermally conductive circuit is affixed to the substrate; and at least one LED is positioned on each wing with electrically conductive traces connected thereto. The center portion is planar. The wings are bent at multiple angles forming legs, a first angle being greater than 90 degrees, a second angle being normal to the planar center portion. The preferred center portion is pentagonal. The bulb cooperates with a socket that comprises a base; a hollow pedestal extending from the base, the pedestal having a polygonal interior; a thermally conductive, core having an exterior matching the interior; a gap between interior walls of the interior and exterior walls; and a plurality of electrical contacts positioned in the gap for contacting the traces when the bulb is inserted in the socket.

Abstract: A light gathering module (10) has a body (12) with a first end (14) comprising a single light transmitting surface (16) and a second end (18) having a plurality of arms (20), each arm (20) having an independent light gathering terminus (22) that is rectangular. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first end (14) of the body also is rectangular. The light gathering module (10) can be fabricated from acrylic, plastic, glass or other suitable material and preferably has no cladding so that light output I maximized. When combined in a housing (32) with a projector lens (34) the light gathering module (10) provides a vehicle headlamp (30).

Abstract: An electric headlamp has a thermally conductive backplate with a support board positioned thereon. The support board has a first and a second side, and board registration areas for locating the support board. The board has registration areas formed on the backplate that cooperate with depressions formed in the second side of the support board. An array of LEDs is mounted on the first side of the support board, the LEDs pointing normal to the support board. Electrical circuitry is formed on the support board to supply power to the LEDs. A lens is associated with each LED, each lens having an input surface to receive light emitted by the respective LED, and an output surface to direct light from the LEDs in a preferred pattern. A cover encloses the respective LEDs and lenses and circumferentially seals to the backplate. The cover can be provided with a lens.

Abstract: A lamp component has a support with a base surrounded by an interior wall defining a cavity with a central axis. A plurality of LEDs are supported on the interior wall and generally aimed to direct light towards the central axis. A center piece has a first reflective surface shaped and positioned to intercept light received from the LEDs and reflect such received light generally in a direction parallel to the axis.

Abstract: A high-density LED array (10) capable of presenting a density of X LEDs/unit area has a first printed circuit board (12) having X/2 LEDs/area and X/2 apertures arrayed therewith. A second printed circuit board (22) is spaced from the first printed circuit board (12) and has X/2 LEDs 28/unit area. The LEDs (28) on the second printed circuit board are aligned with the apertures (20) in the first printed circuit board. Each of the LEDs (28) on the second printed circuit board (22) has an optical fiber (30) associated therewith and each of the light guides (30) extends through one of the apterures (20). Each of the mounted LEDs on the first printed circuit board can have an optical fiber associated therewith and the light guides can be bundled to direct light to a remote source.

Abstract: A solid-state light source 10 compatible with existing sockets normally reserved for filamented lamps may be formed with a hollow base 12 formed to mechanically and electrically adapt to a socket. A sub-assembly 14 adapted to cooperate with and fit into the hollow base 12 comprises a metal core 16 having a bulbous body 18 and a narrow, depending foot 20. A circuit board 22 substantially surrounds the metal core 16 on two sides. The board 22 is preferably formed from a flexible printed circuit board material capable of sustaining a bend radius of at least 0.25 inches (6 mm). Solid-state light sources 30, for example, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are mechanically and electrically connected to one side of the circuit board by suitable electrically conductive traces. A glass dome 34 covers the sub-assembly 14 after it is inserted into the hollow base 12 and is sealed thereto.

Abstract: A visual perception of a colored site in an immunoassay device comprising a strip for enabling capillary migration of a fluid sample therealong, a labeled reagent disposed on the strip and formulated for suspension in the sample migrating therepast and a captive reagent immobilized on the strip in a path of sample migration and formulated to bind to is enhanced by changing a color of the strip to the color which is complimentary to the colored site.

Abstract: A fastener system comprises a plurality of ranges of size of threaded fastener, each fastener having a head provided with a recess to receive a tool to rotatingly drive the fastener. In each range of sizes, the largest size of fastener has a recess comprising a plurality of driving recess tiers of reducing size superimposed on one another. The range of fasteners to be driven by the tool includes a first fastener whose recess is shaped to be drivingly engaged by at least the third and second smallest tiers of the tool, but not the smallest tier. The recess receiving the second smallest tier of the tool is deep enough to freely accommodate the smallest tier.

Abstract: A fastener system comprises a plurality of ranges of size of threaded fastener (10), each fastener having a head (12;32) provided with a recess (14) to receive a tool (20) to rotatingly drive the fastener.