Abstract: Systems and method include receiving counter update requests that are at a maximum frequency of fcounters; sending the counter update requests to a main block of counters that operate at a maximum frequency of fmain, where (fmain)?(fcounters)/2; and responsive to a block of the main block of counters experiencing an overflow, sending corresponding counter update requests for the block of the main block of counters experiencing the overflow to a cache counter block that operates at a maximum frequency of fcache, where (fmain)?(fcache) and (fcache)?(fcounters)?(fmain). The counter update requests can be for Y×K total counters, and the main block of counters can include Y blocks of counters each block having K counters, Y and K are positive integers. (fmain)?(fcounters)/2 ensures only one block of the main block of counters overflows simultaneously.

Abstract: In ATM networks, digital data in ATM cells are sent to a destination node over a connection made up of more than one transmission link in round robin fashion. This is called inverse multiplexing. Suitable transmission links are selected among a plurality of provisionable transmission links according to some selection criteria. According to some embodiments of the invention, the selection criteria are minimum delay and maximum bandwidth.