Abstract: The techniques of this disclosure generally relate to a valve prosthesis including a one piece molded prosthetic valve and a stent structure having an outflow crown ring. The outflow crown ring includes inferior crowns, superior crowns, and outflow crown struts connected to the superior crowns and the inferior crowns. An internal radius of the superior crowns is within the range of 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters (mm). The internal radius of the superior crowns is made sufficiently large to prevent flaring outward of the superior crowns on deployment and to make the superior crowns atraumatic. This reduces and essentially eliminates the chance of contact with the aortic sinus or the ascending aorta. Further, in the event there is contact, the atraumatic shape of the superior crowns minimizes the abrasion of the vessel.

Abstract: A ballpoint pen of conventional size and shape has a movable ball point that is pressed upwardly in the direction of the housing of the pen when a mark is made. Means is provided for normally biasing the ballpoint outwardly of the housing. However, when the ballpoint is pressed against a writing surface, the refill cartridge having the ball at the lower end thereof is moved upwardly to close a normally open switch which connects a solar cell array in circuit with an electronic counter that counts each time the switch is closed. Controlled by the counter is a liquid crystal display that visually indicates the total number of counts. A gravity switch is contained in the housing and is actuated to reset or clear the counter in preparation for counting a succeeding group of marks when the pen is inverted.

Abstract: A ballpoint pen of conventional size and shape has a movable ball point that is pressed upwardly in the direction of the housing of the pen when a mark is made. Means is provided for normally biasing the ballpoint outwardly of the housing. However, when the ballpoint is pressed against a writing surface, the refill cartridge having the ball at the lower end thereof is moved upwardly to close a normally open switch which connects a solar cell array in circuit with an electronic counter that counts each time the switch is closed. Controlled by the counter is a liquid crystal display that visually indicates the total number of counts. A second switch is actuated by gravity to reset or clear the counter in preparation for counting a succeeding group of marks.