Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for measuring interference in a wireless communication system. A terminal receives, from a base station, a zero-power channel state information (CSI) reference signal (RS) indicator that indicates whether or not to estimate interference using a zero-power CSI RS signal, and, according to the zero-power CSI RS indicator, measures interference on the basis of the zero-power CSI RS.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for allocating a control channel in a wireless communication system. A base station allocates an enhanced physical downlink control channel (e-PDCCH) to a localized region within a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) region, allocates the e-PDCCH to a distributed region within the PDSCH region, and transmits a scheduling assignment via the allocated e-PDCCH.

Abstract: A method and a base station (BS) for receiving channel state information are discussed. The method according to an embodiment includes transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) signal to a user equipment (UE), the RRC signal including a plurality of configurations for periodic channel state information (CSI) reports; transmitting, to the UE, a plurality of CSI reference signals (CSI-RSs); and receiving, from the UE, generated CSI for the plurality of CSI-RSs based on the RRC signal. Each of the plurality of configurations for the periodic CSI reports includes an indicator indicating an uplink subframe to be used, by the UE, for transmitting CSI corresponding to a specific one of the periodic CSI reports.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for allocating a downlink control channel in a wireless communication system. A base station allocates a downlink control channel to cell-specific reference signal (CRS) resource elements (REs) capable of transmitting a CRS and transmits a downlink control signal to a terminal through the allocated downlink control channel.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for channel information feedback in a wireless communication system. A terminal may receive CSI-RS configuration information from a base station and generate channel information using a codebook determined in accordance with the number of CSI-RS patterns set by the CSI-RS configuration information. The base station may transmit CSI-RS patterns allocated to a plurality of nodes through a method for expanding a field within one control message.

Abstract: A method performed by a base station (BS) is provided for receiving aperiodic channel state information (CSI). The BS transmits a CSI request field which is set to trigger a CSI report to a user equipment (UE), and receives CSI through a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) from the UE. The CSI request field has a value among a plurality of candidate values and the plurality of candidate values comprises a first value which triggers an aperiodic CSI report for a first set of reference signals and a second value which triggers an aperiodic CSI report for a second set of reference signals. The first set and the second set of reference signals are configured by a higher layer signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of transmitting control information for reduction of inter-cell interference (ICI) in a wireless communication system is provided. The base station transmits one of precoding information and antenna information for every time frequency resource to a second base station based on a ICI reduction method determined by the base station.

Abstract: Provided are a method for searching for a control channel by a user terminal in a multi-node system and a user terminal using the method. The method comprises: setting a first common search space (CSS) and a second CSS, which are distinguishable, in a subframe comprising a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols; and searching for control information from the first CSS and/or the second CSS, wherein in the first CSS a first piece of control information that is cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-scrambled by a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) belonging to a first RNTI set is searched, and wherein in the second CSS a second piece of control information that is CRC-scrambled by an RNTI belonging to a second RNTI set is searched.

Abstract: There are provided a method and apparatus in which user equipment transmits channel state information. The method includes reserving a plurality of configured Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) resources through which channel state information can be transmitted, receiving a plurality of reference signals, generating channel state information by measuring each of the plurality of reference signals, and transmitting the channel state information about each of the plurality of reference signals through the plurality of PUCCH resources.

Abstract: Provided are a method for searching for a control channel by a terminal in a wireless communication system and a terminal for using the method. The method determines whether an allocation unit constituting an enhanced-physical downlink control channel (E-PDCCH) is one or plural in number; and, if the allocation unit constituting the E-PDCCH is plural in number, searches for the E-PDCCH using a user equipment specific reference signal (URS) of an antenna port defined in one allocation unit from among the plurality of allocation units.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for allocating a downlink control channel in a wireless communication system. A base station allocates an enhanced physical control format indicator channel (e-PCFICH) to a control region of a plurality of resource blocks (RBs), transmits, to a terminal, an enhanced physical downlink control channel (e-PDCCH) indicator including information for indicating the start position of an e-PDCCH allocated to a data region of the plurality of RBs, and allocates the e-PDCCH to the data region of the plurality of RBs on the basis of the e-PDCCH indicator.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting a synchronization signal in a wireless communication system are provided. A base station transmits a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) to a terminal through a macro node, and transmits a third synchronization signal (TSS) to the terminal through at least one radio remote head (RHH) having a cell identity (ID) that is identical to the macro node. The terminal performs synchronization based on at least one of the PSS, the SSS, and the TSS.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for searching control information by a terminal. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring from a base station, by means of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or an upper layer message, at least one type of information being from location information on a physical control format indication channel (E-PCFICH) or location information on an E-control region; receiving the E-PCFICH based on the E-PCFICH location information; acquiring size information on the E-control region by means of the E-PCFICH; and searching E-PDCCH in the E-control region.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an uplink reference signal of a user equipment (UE) in a multi-node system is described. The method according to an embodiment includes receiving a synchronization signal from a node; receiving a parameter for a virtual cell identifier(ID) from the node; generating an uplink demodulation reference signal(DM-RS) using the parameter for the virtual cell ID; and transmitting the generated uplink DM-RS to the node. A physical cell ID is a cell ID obtained from the synchronization signal, and the parameter for the virtual cell ID is a parameter used for generating the uplink DM-RS in the replacement of the physical cell ID.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for mapping a bit of an enhanced physical downlink control channel (e-PDCCH) in a wireless communication system are provided. A base station maps an e-PDCCH bit on a first region to which the e-PDCCH is allocated from a data region within a subframe, and maps a redundant bit of the e-PDCCH bit on a second region, which is between a control region and the first region within the subframe, including at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol (OFDM). The e-PDCCH bit is mapped from a kth OFDM symbol within the subframe in the direction of an increasing OFDM symbol index, and the redundant bit is mapped from a (k?1)th OFDM symbol in the direction of a decreasing OFDM symbol index.

Abstract: Provided are a method of transmitting a signal of a multi-node system. The method includes: transmitting a first signal to a user equipment via the plurality nodes by applying a first power factor; receiving power feedback information as a feedback from the user equipment; and transmitting a second signal to the user equipment via at least one node among the plurality of nodes by applying a second power factor, wherein the first power factor and the second power factor are elements for determining transmit power to be applied to the plurality of nodes, wherein the power factor information includes information for transmit power applicable to each of the plurality of nodes by measuring the first signal, and wherein the second power factor is determined based on the power factor information.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for channel estimation in a multi-node distributed system. A method for channel state estimation comprises the steps of: a terminal receiving channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) set-up information; and the terminal calculating interference on the basis of the CSI-RS set-up information and then transmitting channel state information (CSI) based on the interference, wherein the CSI-RS set-up information may include at least one of an external interference measurement field and an internal interference measurement field. Accordingly, during the external interference and internal interference measurements, the node for use in the interference measurements may be controlled by a base station so that interference is accurately measured and feedback of accurate channel information is enabled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-aging composition for external use on skin, and more particularly, to an anti-aging composition for external use on skin comprising at least one of catechins and flavonols as an active ingredient to inhibit decomposition and promote generation or protection at the dermis-epidermis junction.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for reporting a channel quality indicator (CQI) in a multi-node system. A terminal measures the CQI on the basis of a final interference power in which interference from at least one node among a plurality of nodes, from which the terminal receives signals, is reduced, and reports the measured CQI to a base station. Improvement of system performance, such as a data rate increase can be expected.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for downlink control channel allocation in a wireless communication system. A base station allocates a downlink control channel which supports a multi-node system to a data region within an resource block (RB), and transmits a downlink control signal to a user equipment through the allocated downlink channel. The multi-node system comprises a plurality of nodes connected to one macro node, and the macro node and the plurality of nodes have the same cell identifier (ID).