Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a first metal layer; an organic insulating layer covering at least a portion of the first metal layer and having a via hole exposing at least a portion of an upper surface of the first metal layer; a first seed metal layer disposed on an upper surface of the organic insulating layer; a second seed metal layer disposed on the first seed metal layer and extending onto a wall surface of the via hole and the exposed upper surface of the first metal layer; and a second metal layer disposed on the second seed metal layer and filling at least a portion of the via hole, wherein the first seed metal layer includes a first sputtering layer including titanium (Ti), and the second seed metal layer includes an electroless plating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a duty cycle monitoring method and apparatus for a memory interface, including receiving a clock signal as input and generating a first delay time offset and a second delay time offset, receiving the clock signal and the first delay time offset and then outputting a first delayed signal, receiving the first delayed signal and the second delay time offset and then outputting a second delayed signal, receiving the clock signal and the second delayed signal and then outputting a delay value corresponding to a half-period of the clock signal, and monitoring, based on the first delayed signal, whether a duty cycle of the clock signal conforms to a duty cycle specification.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed. In some implementations, the battery pack includes a lower frame on which a battery module is disposed and a side frame assembly connected to the lower frame and facing at least one side of the battery module, wherein the side frame assembly includes a first frame forming an outer surface of the side frame assembly and a second frame partitioning a dust loading portion in which dust discharged from the battery module is loaded and a venting flow path portion along which gas discharged from the battery module flows, and facing the battery module.

Abstract: A circuit for preventing power imbalance of a resonance-type power converter is proposed. The circuit may include a rectifier converting input alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) and frequency-controlled first and second resonant converter modules configured to receive an output voltage of the rectifier divided into two stages. The circuit may further include a controller outputting a first frequency command for controlling a frequency of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal supplied to a switching element of a first switching unit of the first resonant converter module. The circuit may further include a frequency compensator compensating for the first frequency command and then outputting a second frequency command for controlling a frequency of a PWM signal supplied to a switching element of a second switching unit of the second resonant converter module, so as to eliminate power imbalance between the first and second resonant converter modules.

Abstract: An embodiment thermal management system of a vehicle includes an air supply device that draws and supplies ambient air. An air cycle apparatus connected to the air supply device that compresses or expands the air to be changed to a high or low temperature air. An air distribution device is connected to the air cycle apparatus and a cabin room connected to the air distribution device that receives the high or low temperature air. A first heat-exchanger connected to the air cycle apparatus performs heat-exchange on the high temperature air and a second heat-exchanger connected to the first heat-exchanger and the air cycle apparatus performs heat-exchange on the air. The second heat-exchanger and the air distribution device are selectively connected and the air having heat-exchanged while passing through the second heat-exchanger is selectively supplied to the air distribution device.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a body including a capacitance region in which a first internal electrode and a second internal electrode are alternately stacked in a first direction with a dielectric layer interposed therebetween and first and second external electrodes spaced apart from each other with the capacitance region interposed therebetween and connected to the first and second internal electrodes, respectively. The body further includes cover layers disposed on the capacitance region in the first direction, a plurality of depressions are disposed in an outer surface of the body in the first direction, the depressions are spaced apart from outer end surfaces of the body in the second direction, and a bending length of each external electrode in the second direction is greater than a longest distance from each of the outer end surfaces of the body in the second direction to a closer one of the depressions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for adjusting a reference voltage. The apparatus may include a gate signal generation unit for generating an RDQS gate signal, a reference voltage generation unit for setting a reference voltage based on the RDQS gate signal, and a reset counter for holding a voltage at the time at which the RDQS gate signal becomes low when the RDQS gate signal is not applied to the reference voltage generation unit for a specific time period.

Abstract: A cylindrical battery includes an electrode assembly in which a first electrode, a second electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween are wound. The first electrode and the second electrode include a first uncoated portion and a second uncoated portion, respectively. At least one of the first uncoated portion and the second uncoated portion includes a core-side uncoated portion, an outer circumference uncoated portion, and an intermediate uncoated portion interposed therebetween. At least one of the core-side uncoated portion and the outer circumference uncoated portion has a relatively smaller height than the intermediate uncoated portion in a winding axis direction.

Abstract: An aerosol generation product with a low ignition propensity is provided. An aerosol generation product according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is used together with an aerosol generation device, and may include an aerosol formation substrate portion, a filter portion, and a wrapper formed of a flame-retardant paper material and wrapped around at least a portion of the aerosol formation substrate portion. The flame-retardant paper material may improve smoking safety of a user by reducing a possibility of ignition of the wrapper due to an abnormally high temperature during smoking, and may prevent in advance the user from experiencing unintentional smoking, by reducing the possibility of ignition of the aerosol generation product due to an act of ignition by the user.

Abstract: A button-type secondary battery includes: a lower can configured to operate as a first electrode terminal; an upper can coupled to the lower can to surround the lower can and configured to operate as a second electrode terminal; and a gasket between the lower can and the upper can. A recessed lower insertion groove and a recessed upper insertion groove are defined in a surface of the lower can and a surface of the upper can, which are in close contact with the gasket, respectively. The lower insertion groove and the upper insertion groove are spaced apart from each other so as not to face each other.

Abstract: Microneedles comprising hormone-containing surface-modified microspheres which exhibit improved residence time in the body and superior sustained-release effect, and a method of preparing the same, are disclosed herein. Microneedles including surface-modified microspheres containing a hormone according to the present invention exhibit improved residence time in the body and superior sustained-release effect, and are therefore useful for a transdermal delivery system for delivering a hormone requiring continuous administration.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst complex and a method of manufacturing the same. The catalyst complex may be manufactured by uniformly depositing metal catalyst particles on pretreated support particles through an atomic layer deposition process using a fluidized-bed reactor, which may be then uniformly dispersed throughout the ionomer solution. As such, manufacturing costs may be reduced due to the use of a small amount of metal catalyst particles and the durability of an electrolyte membrane and OCV may increase. Further disclosed are a method of manufacturing the catalyst complex, an electrolyte membrane including the catalyst complex, and a method of manufacturing the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including a plurality of dielectric layers and a plurality of internal electrodes laminated in a first direction, and external electrodes. The body includes an active portion, in which the plurality of internal electrodes are disposed to form capacitance, corresponding to a region between internal electrodes disposed on an outermost side in the first direction, among the plurality of internal electrodes, a cover portion covering the active portion in the first direction, and a side margin portion covering the active portion in a second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, and 1.49<A1/A2<2.50 where A1 is an average grain size of the dielectric layer in a central region of the active portion, and A2 is an average grain size of the dielectric layer in an active-cover boundary portion, adjacent to the cover portion, of the active portion.

Abstract: A coil component includes a body having first and second end surfaces opposing each other and first and second side surfaces opposing each other in a first direction; a support substrate disposed in the body; and a coil portion including a first coil pattern disposed on the support substrate, and first and second lead-out patterns respectively exposed to the first and second end surfaces of the body. A distance between the first side surface of the body and the first lead-out pattern in the first direction is smaller than a distance between the second side surface of the body and the first lead-out pattern in the first direction, and a distance between the first side surface of the body and the second lead-out pattern in the first direction is smaller than a distance between the second side surface of the body and the second lead-out pattern in the first direction.

Abstract: A novel heterocyclic compound of Chemical Formula 1 and organic light emitting device including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a primer and probe set composition for CNV detection of a c-Met gene, and a kit comprising the same. By using the primer and probe set composition for CNV detection according to the present invention, it is possible to predict a prognosis of a c-Met-expressing cancer patient or a risk of mutation occurrence and to provide information required for targeted therapy of cancer, so as to be effectively used to provide clues for future treatment directions, as well as to determine a need to administer an anticancer drug, and to monitor the metastasis or recurrence of cancer.

Abstract: An embodiment fuel cell including a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane includes an electrolyte membrane including a phosphoric acid-doped polymer of intrinsic microporosity, a cathode disposed on a first surface of the electrolyte membrane, and an anode disposed on a second surface of the electrolyte membrane, the second surface opposite the first surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a gate structure including stacked gate lines; an insulating core located in the gate structure and including a first long axis and a first short axis; a memory layer surrounding the insulating core; first channel pattern and a second channel pattern located facing each other along the first long axis, wherein the first channel pattern and the second channel pattern are located between the insulating core and the memory layer; and a capping layer located between the first channel pattern and the second channel pattern.

Abstract: A memory system may include a storage device and a memory controller. The storage device may include a plurality of memory blocks. Each of the memory blocks may include a plurality of pages. The memory controller may perform a maintenance management operation including predetermined numbers of sub-operations performed for a first period in each first cycle on the storage device, wherein the memory controller is configured to increase a reservation number of the sub-operations when a first type command requested from an external device is processed at a time of triggering the sub-operations, and determine a trigger interval of the sub-operations based on the reservation number.