Abstract: The present invention takes into consideration all of three factors causing road freezing 1. the temperature of a road surface; 2. the presence of moisture on the road surface (snowfall, rainfall, dew, fog, and melted water from a snow removal operation, etc.); and 3. the concentration of deicing agents (chlorides) sprayed to prevent freezing, accurately measures these factors, considers interactions among these factors, and predicts when the road is going to freeze over. Therefore, the present invention allows for making accurate decisions on whether to perform snow removal, when to perform snow removal, and the amount of deicing agents to spray, and therefore allows a road manager, regardless of snow removal experience, to make an accurate and quick decision on whether to perform snow removal.

Abstract: A sandwich panel for an automobile includes a core layer, a surface layer, and an adhesive layer. The core layer includes glass fibers and thermoplastic resins and defines an optimal weight and thickness to provide flexural performance and non-flammability. The sandwich panel provides a flame barrier layer, which is a non-combustible layer during ignition and prevents flame from leaking to the outside of the panel.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a mechanism for computing a thickness of a scanned wafer shape to determine a profile, and computing a delta correction value and a polishing end point time by using a computed PV value by the profile and a set predicted PV value and reflecting the same on the polishing time of each wafer which is under polishing. Accordingly, excellent flatness of a wafer surface can be achieved and simultaneously, a plurality of controllers can be controlled simultaneously to reduce equipment cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wafer carrier thickness measuring device capable of accurately measuring an inner/outer circumferential thickness of a wafer carrier in a non-contact manner. The present invention provides a wafer carrier thickness measuring device including: a first table installed to be capable of rotating and moving vertically and capable of supporting a central portion of a wafer carrier; a second table disposed outside the first table and rotatably installed, and capable of supporting an outer circumferential portion of the wafer carrier; upper and lower sensors for calculating a thickness of the wafer carrier by measuring a distance to upper and lower surfaces of the wafer carrier supported by one of the first and second tables in a non-contact manner; and a sensor driving unit located at one side of the second table and moving the upper and lower sensors to an upper side or a lower side of the wafer carrier supported by one of the first and second tables.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a mechanism for computing a thickness of a scanned wafer shape to determine a profile, and computing a delta correction value and a polishing end point time by using a computed PV value by the profile and a set predicted PV value and reflecting the same on the polishing time of each wafer which is under polishing. Accordingly, excellent flatness of a wafer surface can be achieved and simultaneously, a plurality of controllers can be controlled simultaneously to reduce equipment cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wafer carrier thickness measuring device capable of accurately measuring an inner/outer circumferential thickness of a wafer carrier in a non-contact manner. The present invention provides a wafer carrier thickness measuring device including: a first table installed to be capable of rotating and moving vertically and capable of supporting a central portion of a wafer carrier; a second table disposed outside the first table and rotatably installed, and capable of supporting an outer circumferential portion of the wafer carrier; upper and lower sensors for calculating a thickness of the wafer carrier by measuring a distance to upper and lower surfaces of the wafer carrier supported by one of the first and second tables in a non-contact manner; and a sensor driving unit located at one side of the second table and moving the upper and lower sensors to an upper side or a lower side of the wafer carrier supported by one of the first and second tables.

Abstract: An embodiment of a scanning device may comprises: a guide frame; a moving part which moves along the longitudinal direction of the guide frame; a bracket, one side of which is coupled to the moving part; a sensing unit which is coupled to the other side of the bracket and senses the surface state of an object placed in the vertical direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the guide frame; and a pair of support parts which are coupled to both sides of the guide frame.

Abstract: Channel estimation in a broadband wireless communication system is provided. A receiver includes a frequency interpolator for interpolating in a frequency axis using at least one of channel estimation values estimated through pilot signals and channel estimation values generated using a time-axis interpolation, a determiner for determining a compensation coefficient to compensate for edge distortion using the channel estimation values estimated through the pilot signals, and a compensator for generating a completed channel estimation value by multiplying a channel estimation value generated by interpolating in the frequency axis, by the compensation coefficient.

Abstract: Channel estimation in a broadband wireless communication system is provided. A receiver includes a frequency interpolator for interpolating in a frequency axis using at least one of channel estimation values estimated through pilot signals and channel estimation values generated using a time-axis interpolation, a determiner for determining a compensation coefficient to compensate for edge distortion using the channel estimation values estimated through the pilot signals, and a compensator for generating a completed channel estimation value by multiplying a channel estimation value generated by interpolating in the frequency axis, by the compensation coefficient.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for deinterleaving using an inner memory and an outer memory. The apparatus includes data receiving apparatus of a mobile equipment in a mobile communication system including the mobile equipment and a base station for transmitting data to the mobile equipment through a radio channel. The apparatus includes a deinterleaving unit having a deinterleaver and an outer memory separately located with the deinterleaver. The deinterleaver stores address information including an address of the outer memory and values corresponding to the address of the outer memory in an inner memory. The outer memory stores the data to be deinterleaved, and a decoder for decoding the deinterleaved data.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for Packet Identifier (PID) conversion in a Very High Frequency (VHF) digital radio broadcasting receiver. In the method, a reception side can identify a PID corresponding to each service when at least two video services are provided using an identical PID within one ensemble of the VHF digital radio broadcasting receiver.

Abstract: Disclosed is a deinterleaving apparatus and a method for a digital communication system which can be simply implemented. The deinterleaving apparatus has a row counter for increasing a row counting value based on input data, a column counter for increasing a column counting value every row period set in the row counter, a plurality of synchronous counters corresponding to the row period, and for increasing a synchronous counting value every column period set in the column counter, an offset memory for storing offset values set in correspondence to interleaving delay depths of the input data by channel, and a deinterleaver memory for storing the input data at a write address generated based on the offset value. The input data stored in the deinterleaver memory is read at a read address generated based on the synchronous counting value. Accordingly, simple implementation of the deinterleaving apparatus is enabled.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for transmitting and receiving data in a digital broadcasting system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are provided. A transmitter frames input bit information in a predetermined bit unit, maps the framed input bit information to a transmitter identification indicator (TII) using a predefined number of orthogonal sets, and modulates the TII to an OFDM symbol to transmit the OFDM symbol. A receiver demodulates an OFDM symbol, detects a TII symbol from a predefined orthogonal signal set, demaps predetermined bits from the TII, and concatenates the demapped bits in a predetermined period unit to output bit information. Therefore, the TII can be stably received as a conditional access signal for distinguishing a broadcasting network and a relay network in the digital broadcasting system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for determining transmitter identification information (TII) in terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) system. The TII is detected by determining whether the TII occurs during the slot for a null symbol. The detected TII is stored into a TII database preferably continuously until a point of time for a TII update, and a TII detection result is output at the point of time for the TII update.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for providing a broadcasting service in a Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) system with a Single Frequency Network (SFN). Networks of shadow and non-shadow regions can be distinguished in the digital broadcasting system. A conditional access system can be used in the shadow region. A terminal can select a service network. A broadcasting providing server encrypts broadcasting service data, generates private and public keys into which predetermined encryption keys are divided to decrypt the encrypted broadcasting service data, sets at least one broadcasting transmitter for transmitting the private key and/or at least one broadcasting transmitter for transmitting the public key, and provides the encryption keys along with the encrypted broadcasting service data. Broadcasting transmitters transmit the encrypted broadcasting service data received from the broadcasting providing server and the private key using the SFN.

Abstract: A device for detecting a timing synchronization, a method, and a communication device. The device includes a unit for outputting a timing synchronization discriminating signal, which corresponds to a difference between samples that are ahead and behind of the input signal by a semi-symbol period; a unit for semi-symbol delaying a real number element and an imaginary number element of the input signal, and subtracting the delayed signals from the real number element and the imaginary number element of the input signal; a first detector for detecting a power from the semi-symbol delayed signals of the input signal; a power detector for detecting a power from the real number element and the imaginary number element from the timing error detecting unit; and a subtracter for subtracting a value, which is obtained by multiplying the power detected by the second detector by a predetermined coefficient, from the power detected by the first detector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving a broadcasting service in a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) system. In a method for changing a broadcasting service in a terminal for receiving DMB services, it is determined if a reserved decoding resource element is present while data of a first broadcasting service is decoded and output. If the reserved decoding resource element is present, it is determined if an operation for decoding a pilot channel will be stopped. If the operation for decoding the pilot channel is stopped, data of a second broadcasting service is received and decoded using the reserved decoding resource element and a decoding resource element for decoding the pilot channel. When a user makes a change to the second broadcasting service, the data of the first and second broadcasting services is simultaneously output.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for receiving a multimedia broadcasting service in a mobile communication system including a satellite digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) reception system and a terrestrial DMB reception system. In the apparatus, a satellite DMB modem block demodulates a satellite broadcast signal received from the satellite DMB system. A terrestrial DMB modem block, sharing at least one function block with the satellite DMB modem block, demodulates a terrestrial broadcast signal received from the terrestrial DMB system. A Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) decoder separately decodes MPEG transport streams (TSs) for the satellite broadcast signal and the terrestrial broadcast signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for receiving a broadcasting service in a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) system based on code division multiplexing (CDM). The broadcasting service reception apparatus and method can minimize inconvenience for a user when a receiver changes a broadcasting service. The receiver maintains existing broadcasting data stored in a buffer while changing the broadcasting service. After the data of a new broadcasting service requested by the receiver is deinterleaved while the existing broadcasting data is maintained, the deinterleaved broadcasting data is output to a screen and another output device. A reserved channel is set such that data of the requested broadcasting service can be deinterleaved.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for deinterleaving using an inner memory and an outer memory. The apparatus includes data receiving apparatus of a mobile equipment in a mobile communication system including the mobile equipment and a base station for transmitting data to the mobile equipment through a radio channel. The apparatus includes a deinterleaving unit having a deinterleaver and an outer memory separately located with the deinterleaver. The deinterleaver stores address information including an address of the outer memory and values corresponding to the address of the outer memory in an inner memory. The outer memory stores the data to be deinterleaved, and a decoder for decoding the deinterleaved data.