Abstract: A treatment liquid composition for semiconductor production including: a quaternary ammonium hydroxide; and a first organic solvent dissolving the quaternary ammonium hydroxide, the first organic solvent being a water-soluble organic solvent having a plurality of hydroxy groups, wherein a water content in the composition is no more than 1.0 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the composition; contents of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the composition are each no more than 100 mass ppb on the basis of the total mass of the composition; and a content of Cl in the composition is no more than 100 mass ppb on the basis of the total mass of the composition.

Abstract: A lanthanum fluoride single crystal wherein an alkaline earth metal is added to the lanthanum fluoride single crystal, and internal transmittance of light at 9.3 ?m in wavelength is no less than 85%/mm. The lanthanum fluoride single crystal and an optical component which have high transparency in an infrared region, and can be preferably used for phase plates for lasers, lenses and optical window materials for laser beam machines, gas detectors, flame detectors, infrared cameras, and so on, etc. are provided.

Abstract: A neutron scintillator composed of a resin composition comprising (A) an inorganic phosphor containing at least one neutron capture isotope selected from lithium 6 and boron 10 and (B) a resin, wherein the inorganic phosphor is a particle having a specific surface area of 50 to 3,000 cm2/cm3, and the internal transmittance based on 1 cm of the optical path length of the resin composition is 30%/cm or more at the emission wavelength of the inorganic phosphor.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a neutron scintillator that is constituted of a resin composition including inorganic fluorescent substance particles and has an excellent neutron/? ray discrimination ability even when an optical transparency of the resin composition is poor due to a discrepancy of refractive indices and the like and fluorescence due to neutrons cannot be taken out sufficiently. [Solving Means] In a neutron scintillator constituted of a resin composition including a resin and inorganic fluorescent substance particles that include at least one type of neutron capture isotope selected from lithium-6 and boron-10, such as Eu:LiCaAlF6, the resin composition additionally includes a neutron-insensitive fluorescent substance having a different fluorescence property. Neutrons and ? rays can be discriminated using a difference in the fluorescence property such as a fluorescence lifetime and an emission wavelength between the case where neutrons enter and the case where ? rays enter.

Abstract: A light emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured of a metal fluoride crystal which is represented by chemical formula LiM1M2F6 (wherein Li includes 6Li; M1 represents at least one alkaline earth metal element selected from among Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; and M2 represents at least one metal element selected from among Al, Ga and Sc), said metal fluoride crystal containing 0.02% by mole or more of Eu and having an Eu2+ concentration of less than 0.01% by mole.

Abstract: A neutron scintillator composed of a resin composition comprising (A) an inorganic phosphor containing at least one neutron capture isotope selected from lithium 6 and boron 10 and (B) a resin, wherein the inorganic phosphor is a particle having a specific surface area of 50 to 3,000 cm2/cm3, and the internal transmittance based on 1 cm of the optical path length of the resin composition is 30%/cm or more at the emission wavelength of the inorganic phosphor.

Abstract: A light emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured of a metal fluoride crystal which is represented by chemical formula LiM1M2F6 (wherein Li includes 6Li; M1 represents at least one alkaline earth metal element selected from among Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; and M2 represents at least one metal element selected from among Al, Ga and Sc), said metal fluoride crystal containing 0.02% by mole or more of Eu and having an Eu2+ concentration of less than 0.01% by mole.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillation neutron detector capable of measuring neutrons with precision even under a high amount of ? rays as background noise and excellent in neutron counting precision, the scintillation neutron detector comprising a neutron scintillator crystal containing 6Li, and the crystal having a specific surface area of no less than 60 cm2/cm3.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] A colquiriite-type crystal preferred for a scintillator for neutron detection, which has high sensitivity to neutron and which is reduced in background noise attributed to ? rays; a scintillator for neutron detection which comprises this crystal; and a neutron detector are provided. [Means to Solve the Problems] A colquiriite-type crystal represented by the chemical formula LiM1M2X6, such as LiCaAlF6, containing Na and Ce, for example, the colquiriite-type crystal containing at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs, and a lanthanoid element selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr and Nd, and having an isotopic ratio of 6Li of 20 mol % or more, preferably 50 mol % or more; a scintillator for neutron detection comprising the colquiriite-type crystal; and a neutron detector.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector with improved n/? discrimination and usable even under high counting rate conditions with a reduced load on a signal-processing system. The detector capable of distinguishing neutron and gamma-ray events includes: a scintillator; an optical filter; a first photodetector to which a first part of light emitted from the scintillator is introduced via the optical filter; and a second photodetector to which a second part of light emitted from the scintillator is introduced not via the optical filter, wherein, for a set of two wavelengths A and (A+B) nm, the scintillator emits at least a light of A nm and a light of (A+B) nm when irradiated by gamma-ray, and emits a light of A nm and does not emit a light of (A+B) nm when irradiated by neutrons; and the optical filter blocks the light of A nm and transmits the light of (A+B) nm.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] A neutron scintillator excellent in neutron detection efficiency and n/? discrimination ability, and a neutron detector using the neutron scintillator are provided. [Means to Solve the Problems] A neutron scintillator comprising a eutectic body composed of laminar lithium fluoride crystals and laminar calcium fluoride crystals alternately arranged in layers, the thickness of the lithium fluoride crystal layers in the eutectic body being 0.1 to 5 ?m; or a neutron scintillator comprising a eutectic body composed of laminar lithium fluoride crystals and laminar calcium fluoride crystals alternately arranged in layers, the calcium fluoride crystal layers in the eutectic body being linearly continuous in at least one direction; and a neutron detector basically constructed from any of the neutron scintillators and a photodetector.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] To provide a neutron scintillator which shows a large amount of luminescence in response to neutrons and which is excellent in neutron detection efficiency and n/? discrimination ability; and a metal fluoride crystal suitable for the neutron scintillator. [Means to Solve the Problems] A metal fluoride crystal, as a parent crystal, represented by the chemical formula LiM1M2F6 (where M1 represents at least one alkaline earth metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, and M2 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and Sc), such as lithium calcium aluminum fluoride, lithium strontium aluminum fluoride, or lithium magnesium aluminum fluoride, the metal fluoride crystal containing at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs, and also containing Eu; and a light-emitting device comprising the crystal, such as a neutron scintillator.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] A colquiriite-type crystal preferred for a scintillator for neutron detection, which has high sensitivity to neutron and which is reduced in background noise attributed to ? rays; a scintillator for neutron detection which comprises this crystal; and a neutron detector are provided. [Means to Solve the Problems] A colquiriite-type crystal represented by the chemical formula LiM1M2X6, such as LiCaAlF6, containing Na and Ce, for example, the colquiriite-type crystal containing at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs, and a lanthanoid element selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr and Nd, and having an isotopic ratio of 6Li of 20 mol % or more, preferably 50 mol % or more; a scintillator for neutron detection comprising the colquiriite-type crystal; and a neutron detector.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] A neutron scintillator excellent in neutron detection efficiency and n/? discrimination ability, and a neutron detector using the neutron scintillator are provided. [Means to Solve the Problems] A neutron scintillator comprising a eutectic body composed of laminar lithium fluoride crystals and laminar calcium fluoride crystals alternately arranged in layers, the thickness of the lithium fluoride crystal layers in the eutectic body being 0.1 to 5 ?m; or a neutron scintillator comprising a eutectic body composed of laminar lithium fluoride crystals and laminar calcium fluoride crystals alternately arranged in layers, the calcium fluoride crystal layers in the eutectic body being linearly continuous in at least one direction; and a neutron detector basically constructed from any of the neutron scintillators and a photodetector.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] A fluoride which emits light with high brightness in a vacuum ultraviolet region is provided. Also provided are a novel vacuum ultraviolet light emitting element which comprises the fluoride and which can be suitably used in photolithography, cleaning of a semiconductor or liquid crystal substrate, sterilization, next-generation large-capacity optical disks, medical care (ophthalmologic treatment, DNA cleavage), etc.; and a vacuum ultraviolet light emitting scintillator which is composed of the fluoride and can be suitably used in a small-sized radiation detector incorporating a diamond light receiving element or AlGaN light receiving element with a low background noise as an alternative to a conventional photomultiplier tube. [Means to Solve the Problems] A metal fluoride crystal represented by a chemical formula K3-XNaXTmYZLuY(1-Z)F3+3Y where 0.7<X<1.3, 0.85<Y<1.1 and 0.001?Z<1.0, such as K2NaTm0.4Lu0.6F6, K2.1Na0.9TmF6, K2NaTmF6, or K2NaTm0.9F5.

Abstract: A vacuum ultraviolet light emitting device comprising: a luminescence substrate which is composed of a transparent substrate of lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride or the like, and a metal fluoride thin-film layer formed on the transparent substrate and being a thin-film layer of a metal fluoride such as LuLiF4, LaF3, BaF2 or CaF2, the metal fluoride being doped with atoms of neodymium (Nd), thulium (Tm), erbium (Er) or the like; and an electron beam source such as a thermionic emission gun or a field emission gun, wherein the luminescence substrate and the electron beam source are disposed in a vacuum atmosphere, and the metal fluoride thin-film layer is irradiated with electron beams from the electron beam source to emit light including wavelength components of vacuum ultraviolet light.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] The present invention aims to provide a scintillator which can detect photons of high energy, such as hard X-rays or ?-rays, with high sensitivity. [Means to Solve the Problems] A scintillator comprises lithium lutetium fluoride containing neodymium as a luminescence center, the lithium lutetium fluoride being represented by the chemical formula LiLu1-xNdxF4 where x is in the range of 0.00001 to 0.2, preferably, 0.0001 to 0.05. Preferably, the scintillator comprises a single crystal of the lithium lutetium fluoride containing neodymium.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel radiographic image detector which can detect radiation, such as hard X-rays or ?-rays, with high sensitivity and which is excellent in position resolution and count rate characteristic. [Means to Solve the Problems] A radiographic image detector comprises a combination of a scintillator, such as a lanthanum fluoride crystal containing neodymium, for converting incident radiation into ultraviolet rays; and a gas multiplication ultraviolet image detector for converting ultraviolet rays into electrons, amplifying such electrons by use of a gas electron avalanche phenomenon, and detecting the electrons.

Abstract: A scintillator for neutron detection, comprising a metal fluoride crystal containing, as constituent elements, a metal having a valence of 2 or higher, such as calcium, aluminum or yttrium; lithium; and fluorine, the metal fluoride crystal containing 1.1 to 20 atoms per unit volume (atoms/nm3) of 6Li, having an effective atomic number of 10 to 40, containing a lanthanoid such as cerium, praseodymium or europium, and being represented by, for instance, LiCaAlF6, LiSrAlF6 and LiYF4. The scintillator for neutron detection has high sensitivity to neutron rays, and is reduced in a background noise attributed to ? rays.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a method of producing a pretreated metal fluoride containing impurities such as oxygen in decreased amounts and a fluoride crystal containing impurities such as oxygen in decreased amounts and having excellent optical properties such as transparency. [Means for Solution] A metal fluoride is heated in a temperature range of not lower than 300° K. but not higher than 1780° K in the co-presence of a carbonyl fluoride of an amount of not less than 1/100 mol per mol of the metal fluoride to thereby obtain a pretreated metal fluoride while removing oxygen and water from the starting metal fluoride and from the interior of the production furnace. Further, the pretreated metal fluoride as a starting material is heated and melted, and a fluoride crystal of a high quality is obtained from the obtained melt by a crystal growing method such as a melt pull-up method or a melt pull-down method.