Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a separator for a fuel cell, which is stacked on a reaction layer including a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The separator includes a plate body stacked on the reaction layer, a wave pattern provided on one surface of the plate body that faces the reaction layer, the wave pattern being configured to define a reaction channel disposed between the reaction layer and the plate body and provided in a first direction in which a reactant gas is supplied, so that the reactant gas flows along the reaction channel, and a land provided along a lateral end of the wave pattern and disposed to be in contact with the reaction layer, thereby obtaining an advantageous effect of improving performance and operational efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for driving a multi-level gray scale display are provided.

Abstract: A field emission cathode includes first and second cathode layers having respective projections and disposed on the surface of a substrate. An insulating layer having an opening and disposed on the surface of the cathode layer surrounds the projections. A field emission tip includes the projections, one of which is annular and projects beyond the other so that the field emission tip has a crater-like shape which improves the electron emission characteristic of the cathode.

Abstract: A field emission cathode and a method of manufacturing a field emission cathode, wherein a primitive tip is formed under a first thermal oxide layer, and a nitride layer is formed on the surface of the first thermal oxide layer covering the primitive tip so that only the lower portion of the tip is oxidized without the upper portion of the tip being oxidized by a second thermal oxidation process. The method can attain a constant and controllable tip height.

Abstract: An FEA having a novel structure using an n.sup.+ shallow junction region, which operates with small voltages and increases emission current and a method for manufacturing the same. A tip is formed on a first conductive type semiconductor substrate, a first impurity region having a high impurity concentration is formed in the upper portion of the semiconductor substrate wherein first conductive type impurities are implanted, and a second conductive type second impurity region is formed in the surface of the semiconductor substrate around the tip and on the first impurity region. Also, a second conductive type shallow junction region is formed in the surface portion of the tip, an insulation layer including a pin hole which exposes the tip is formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a conductive layer having an opening corresponding to the pin hole of the insulation layer is formed on the insulation layer. When electrons are emitted by a tunneling effect, the required voltages to be applied are lowered.