Abstract: A boundary position detection apparatus in which the position of an imageless part (containing no meaningful image information) lying at the upper part or/and the lower part of a picture is precisely detected from a video signal. A line decision circuit decides whether each of lines constituting the picture belongs to an image part (containing meaningful image information) or to the imageless part. A boundary decision circuit decides the boundary between the image part and the imageless part. A time integration circuit integrates the detected boundary positions temporally, and determines a final boundary position. A detection control circuit finds an image-part region from the final position, detects the average luminance of the region and controls the integrating time interval of the time integration circuit with the average luminance.

Abstract: A boundary position detection apparatus in which the position of an imageless part (containing no meaningful image information) lying at the upper part or/and the lower part of a picture is precisely detected from a video signal. A line decision circuit decides whether each of lines constituting the picture belongs to an image part (containing meaningful image information) or to the imageless part. A boundary decision circuit decides the boundary between the image part and the imageless part. A time integration circuit integrates the detected boundary positions temporally, and determines a final boundary position. A detection control circuit finds an image-part region from the final position, detects the average luminance of the region and controls the integrating time interval of the time integration circuit with the average luminance.

Abstract: A moldable pulp material, which contains a main constituent of pulp comprising strips of paper having a size of millimeters and a fibrous component defibrated from waste paper, a starch binder in which a portion of the hydroxyl group in molecules of starch is modified, and thermally expandable hollow particles, is mixed with water which is effective to gelatinize the starch binder. The moldable pulp material is filled in a mold assembly and compressed in the mold assembly. The compressed moldable pulp material is then heated to at least a gelatinization temperature at which the starch binder is gelatinized, for thereby gelatinizing the starch binder to produce a molded pulp product for use as a shock absorbing material.

Abstract: A wide-screen television receiver capable of converting a TV signal of a non-aspect ratio into a signal of a wide aspect ratio which can be displayed on a wide screen of the wide aspect ratio and previously visually informing the user of what part of the image of the non-aspect ratio TV signal is converted in its aspect ratio and displayed on the wide screen. The receiver includes the interpolation scan speed conversion circuit, the mode setting circuit, the aspect ratio converting circuit, the wide cursor adding circuit and the wide display. The interpolation scan speed conversion circuit makes a series of processes such as Y/C separation and scan line interpolation for the input video signal supplied via the input terminal. The aspect ratio converting circuit compresses the video signal from the interpolation scan speed conversion circuit in the horizontal direction by use of a memory. The magnification processing circuit is provided after the aspect ratio converting circuit.

Abstract: An image control apparatus includes a waveform equalizer, a distorted waveform extraction control unit, a noise reduction circuit, and an image quality control unit. The waveform equalizer receives an input video signal, equalizes the waveform of the video signal, and outputs the waveform equalized video signal. The distorted waveform extraction control unit detects a distorted waveform from the output of the waveform equalizer and controls the waveform equalizer to perform waveform equalization suitable for the input video signal.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit capable of enlarging and displaying a picture and adapted for use in an apparatus in which a desired picture is selected, and a video signal representative of the desired picture under interlaced scanning is received, stored in a memory and processed to provide an enlarged video signal, includes a real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit for preparing, from the stored video signal, new scanning lines for an image to be enlarged, and a memory processing circuit having switching control function to store an output signal of the real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit in a memory, read the video signal out of the memory at a period different from a period at which the output signal is stored in the memory, and delay a read-out signal by one or more fields so that an enlarged signal is delivered.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit capable of enlarging and displaying a picture and adapted for use in an apparatus in which a desired picture is selected, and a video signal representative of the desired picture under interlaced scanning is received, stored in a memory and processed to provide an enlarged video signal, comprises includes a real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit for preparing, from the stored video signal, new scanning lines for an image to be enlarged, and a memory processing circuit having switching control function to store an output signal of the real signal/interpolated signal preparation circuit in a memory, read the video signal out of the memory at a period different from a period at which the output signal is stored in the memory, and delay a read-out signal by one or more fields so that an enlarged signal is delivered.

Abstract: A detector of quantity of electricity of the invention for detecting an amplitude value from the quantity of AC electricity, comprising sampling means for sampling the quantity of AC electricity at a cycle T which is 1/4 of the rated cycle of quantity of AC electricity, and operating means for operating the amplitude value on the basis of the sampling values, operates with the following formula:y(o).sup.2 +3.multidot.{y(T).sup.2 +y(2T).sup.2 }+y(3T).sup.2where, y(t-nT) is expressed as y(nT).

Abstract: A method of detecting amplitude value of AC electric quantity in electric power system, where five sampling values obtained in sampling performed in sequence at a period of 1/4 of the period of the rated frequency of the AC electric quantity are used, and the first through fifth sampling values are squared respectively and the squared values of the second and fourth sampling values are multiplied by four and the squared value of the third sampling value is multiplied by six and the sum total of these values is obtained, and then the sum total is divided by eight and its square root is estimated, thereby the amplitude value of the AC electric quantity is obtained. Even if the frequency of the AC electric quantity to be detected is varied about .+-.5%, its amplitude value can be operated with good accuracy and the operation result can be obtained at high speed.

Abstract: In a digital protective relay, the amplitude value calculation is performed using three sampling values and the calculation result is obtained at high speed, and even if the frequency is varied the calculation is performed with high accuracy. Thereby performance of the digital protective relay can be significantly improved.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit capable of reproducing a still picture signal from a color video signal comprises a luminance signal/chrominance signal separation circuit of a motion adaptive type, a scanning line interpolation circuit of a motion adaptive type connected with the separation circuit, a first memory connected with the separation circuit to store therein the output of the separation circuit, a second memory connected with the interpolation circuit to store therein the output of the interpolation circuit and a switching circuit for delivering therethrough the outputs of said first and second memories as a first output signal alternately and for delivering therethrough the outputs of said second and first memories as a second output signal alternately, the alternation for the delivery by the switching circuit being effected at a frequency identical with the field frequency of the video signal.

Abstract: A movement detection circuit for detecting movement information of a luminance signal and movement information of a chrominance signal of a television signal comprises a first movement detection circuit for detecting the movement information of the luminance signal and a second movement detection circuit for detecting the movement information of the chrominance signal. The first movement detection circuit detects the movement information of the luminance signal based on two signals spaced by one frame period, and the second movement detection circuit detects the movement information of the chrominance signal based on two signals spaced by two frames periods.

Abstract: A video signal processing circuit of motion adaptive type includes a circuit for identifying motion of a picture in a video signal on the basis of a difference signal between at least a line signal appearing in an M-th field and a corresponding line signal appearing in an (M-1)th field so that, when a scanning line produced on the basis of the video signal is interpolated between scanning lines of the video signal to improve the picture quality, a signal for interpolating said scanning line is produced in a different manner depending on whether a portion of the video signal to the displayed is a still picture or a moving picture.

Abstract: In combination, a signal processing circuit for television signals includes a contour signal correction circuit for use in a television receiver and a scanning line interpolation circuit for converting a television signal of a signal structure for interlaced scanning into a television signal for sequential scanning.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the quantity of AC electricity, comprising a first and a second arithmetic circuit capable of calculating values corresponding to the sum of and the difference between each sample value obtained by sampling the quantity of AC electricity at a predetermined sampling period and the sample value obtained one sampling period before the former, and a third arithmetic circuit capable of calculating a value corresponding to the difference between the respective output signals of those two arithmetic circuits.

Abstract: The disclosed frequency detection system samples a sinusoidal input V(t) with a predetermined constant sampling period h to form four sampled values V(t.sub.o -2h), V(t.sub.o -h), V(t.sub.o +th) and V(t.sub.o +2h) and calculates ##EQU1## where .omega. designates an angular frequency of the sinusoidal input after the conversion to corresponding digital values to provide a measure of its frequency. Further the absolute value of the frequency may be obtained by making an arc-cosine of one half the y(h).

Abstract: An integrating phase discriminator circuit has an integration circuit including an operational amplifier to integrate bidirectional rectangular waveforms originating from those portions of two AC inputs having the same polarity. When an integrated value reaches an operating detecting level V.sub.D11 of a level detector when said level is equal to an integrated value V.sub.H for a phase difference of 90.degree. between the two inputs, an inoperative signal from the level detector changes to an operating signal. This causes an R-C differentiation circuit to apply a position pulse to the operational amplifier to forcibly raise the integrated value of its upper limit E.sub.P while a control circuit changes V.sub.D11 to a reset detecting level V.sub.D22 =E.sub.P -V.sub.H in the level detector, resulting in the continuous delivery of the operating signal. When the integrated value decreases to V.sub.D22, the level detector delivers the inoperative signal.