Abstract: Provided is a barrier film comprising a base layer, and an inorganic layer including Si, N, and O, and including a first region and a second region, which have different elemental contents (atomic %) of Si, N, and O from each other as measured by XPS, wherein the film has a water vapor transmission rate of 5.0×10?4 g/m2·day or less as measured under conditions of a temperature of 38° C. and 100% relative humidity after being stored at 85° C. and 85% relative humidity conditions for 250 hours, or wherein the inorganic layer has a compactness expressed through an etching rate of 0.17 nm/s in the thickness direction for an Ar ion etching condition to etch Ta2O5 at a rate of 0.09 nm/s. The barrier film has excellent barrier properties and optical properties and can be used for electronic products that are sensitive to moisture and the like.

Abstract: A capsulorhexis device is inserted into an incision site of a cornea to make an incision in an anterior capsule surrounding a crystalline lens. The capsulorhexis device includes a loop having elasticity and conductivity; a moving member having one end fixed and coupled to the loop; an insertion guide configured so that, while the incision is being made in the crystalline lens capsule, a front end thereof is inserted into the incision site of the cornea; and a housing having one end coupled to a rear end of the insertion guide, wherein the loop is housed in the housing and, to make the incision in the crystalline lens capsule, slides in the housing together with the moving member to pass through the insertion guide and be deployed into an anterior chamber of the eye.

Abstract: An example image forming apparatus includes a communication device to communicate with an external apparatus, a printing engine to perform a printing job, and a processor to, based on receiving a printing request for the printing job, perform accounting processing for the printing job, and control the printing engine such that the printing job is performed. The processor, based on an error occurring in the printing job, is to control the communication device to transmit proceeding history information of the printing job and accounting information to another image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An example image forming apparatus includes a communication device to communicate with an external apparatus, a printing engine to perform a printing job, and a processor to, based on receiving a printing request for the printing job, perform accounting processing for the printing job, and control the printing engine such that the printing job is performed. The processor, based on an error occurring in the printing job, is to control the communication device to transmit proceeding history information of the printing job and accounting information to another image forming apparatus.

Abstract: In the method, a plurality of gate structures may be formed on a substrate and be spaced apart from each other in a first direction. An insulation layer pattern may be formed by performing a chemical vapor deposition process using SiH4 gas as a source gas. The insulation layer pattern may partially define an air gap between the adjacent gate structures. A width of the air gap in the first direction may be about 65% to about 70% of a distance between the adjacent gate structures.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus of a high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition chamber, and a cleaning method thereof, uniformly and sufficiently supplies a cleaning gas into a chamber to uniformly clean the chamber. The cleaning apparatus includes a chamber, an upper electrode provided in an upper portion of the chamber and applied with radio frequency energy, a lower electrode provided below the upper electrode and applied with radio frequency energy, a chuck provided below the upper electrode and formed thereon with the lower electrode to fix a wafer thereon, and three or more cleaning gas nozzles provided at regular intervals on the sidewall of the chamber around the chuck.