Abstract: A pattern is inspected by acquiring a scanning electron microscope picture of an inspection pattern, and acquiring a scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of the inspection pattern. A determination is made as to whether the inspection pattern is defective by comparing the scanning electron microscope picture of the inspection pattern to a scanning electron microscope picture of a sample pattern, and by comparing the scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of the inspection pattern to a scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of a sample pattern.

Abstract: A pattern is inspected by acquiring a scanning electron microscope picture of an inspection pattern, and acquiring a scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of the inspection pattern. A determination is made as to whether the inspection pattern is defective by comparing the scanning electron microscope picture of the inspection pattern to a scanning electron microscope picture of a sample pattern, and by comparing the scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of the inspection pattern to a scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of a sample pattern.

Abstract: A pattern is inspected by acquiring a scanning electron microscope picture of an inspection pattern, and acquiring a scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of the inspection pattern. A determination is made as to whether the inspection pattern is defective by comparing the scanning electron microscope picture of the inspection pattern to a scanning electron microscope picture of a sample pattern, and by comparing the scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of the inspection pattern to a scanning electron microscope secondary electron signal profile of a sample pattern.

Abstract: Polyester multi-filamentary yarn, useful as tire reinforcement, is produced by melting polyester resin at 290° C. or below including at least 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate with intrinsic viscosity of 0.7-1.2; filtering the molten resin for filtering retention time of ten minutes or below; spinning the filtered, molten resin by extrusion through a nozzle which has 250-500 holes, each ranging in diameter from 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm with a length/diameter ratio from 2 to 5; primarily quenching the extruded yarn at a temperature of 100-195° C. in a zone of 50 mm or more distance directly below the nozzle; secondarily quenching the yarn with air at its glass transition temperature (Tg) or below; taking off the yarn at spinning stress of 0.3 g/d or greater; drawing taken-off yarn at total draw ratio of 1.3 or greater; and thermally treating the yarn at temperature 150-230° C.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester multi-filamentary yarn useful as a reinforcement for tires and a dipped cord formed therefrom. The polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprises at least 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate and has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70-1.2 and a tenacity of 5.5-8.5 g/d with an intermediate elongation difference (E1−E0) between intermediate elongations E0 and E1 amounting to 6% or greater. The polyester dipped cord is produced by subjecting at least two strands of polyester multi-filamentary yarn to first twisting and second twisting, the polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprising 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate; forming the strands into a fabric; and treating the fabric with blocked isocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL), wherein the cord satisfies the following characteristics: a) a tenacity of 5.0 g/d or greater, b) a dimensional stability index (E4.5+SR) of less than 7.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical cleaning process for removing fouling from process lines of oil refining or petrochemical plants. The process lines are in an on-line state and a chemical cleaning agent is circulated through the process lines to remove the fouling. It can effectively recover the thermal efficiency in oil refining processes or petrochemical processes within a short period of time, so that significant energy consumption is reduced. Furthermore, the chemical cleaning process requires a shorter cleaning period and therefore allows for a longer operating time. It can also dislodge fouling without opening heat exchangers or other equipment thereby preventing the release of VOCs. As a result, environmental pollution is not generated. The present invention is also ecconomically favorable as it extends the time between periodic maintenance.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester multi-filamentary yarn useful as a reinforcement for tires and a dipped cord formed therefrom. The polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprises at least 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate and has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70-1.2 and a tenacity of 5.5-8.5 g/d with an intermediate elongation difference (E1−E0) between intermediate elongations E0 and E1 amounting to 6% or greater. The polyester dipped cord is produced by subjecting at least two strands of polyester multi-filamentary yarn to first twisting and second twisting, the polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprising 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate; forming the strands into a fabric; and treating the fabric with blocked isocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL), wherein the cord satisfies the following characteristics: a) a tenacity of 5.0 g/d or greater, b) a dimensional stability index (E4.5+SR) of less than 7.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester multi-filamentary yarn useful as a reinforcement for tires and a dipped cord formed therefrom. The polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprises at least 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate and has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70-1.2 and a tenacity of 5.5-8.5 g/d with an intermediate elongation difference (E1-E0) between intermediate elongations E0 and E1 amounting to 6% or greater. The polyester dipped cord is produced by subjecting at least two strands of polyester multi-filamentary yarn to first twisting and second twisting, the polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprising 90 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate; forming the strands into a fabric; and treating the fabric with blocked isocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL), wherein the cord satisfies the following characteristics: a) a tenacity of 5.0 g/d or greater, b) a dimensional stability index (E4.5+SR) of less than 7.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester multi-filamentary yarn useful as a reinforcement for tires and a dipped cord formed therefrom. The polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprises at least 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate and has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70˜1.2 and a tenacity of 5.5˜8.5 g/d with an intermediate elongation difference (E1−E0) between intermediate elongations E0 and E1 amounting to 6% or greater. The polyester dipped cord is produced by subjecting at least two strands of polyester multi-filamentary yarn to first twisting and second twisting, the polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprising 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate; forming the strands into a fabric; and treating the fabric with blocked isocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL), wherein the cord satisfies the following characteristics: a) a tenacity of 5.0 g/d or greater, b) a dimensional stability index (E4.5+SR) of less than 7.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester multi-filamentary yarn useful as a reinforcement for tires and a dipped cord formed therefrom. The polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprises at least 90 mol % of polyethylene terephthalate and has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.70˜1.2 and a tenacity of 5.5˜8.5 g/d with an intermediate elongation difference (E1−E0) between intermediate elongations E0 and E1 amounting to 6% or greater. The polyester dipped cord is produced by subjecting at least two strands of polyester multi-filamentary yarn to first twisting and second twisting, the polyester multi-filamentary yarn comprising 90 mole % of polyethylene terephthalate; forming the strands into a fabric; and treating the fabric with blocked isocyanate and resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL), wherein the cord satisfies the following characteristics: a) a tenacity of 5.0 g/d or greater, b) a dimensional stability index (E4.5+SR) of less than 7.

Abstract: A polyester filamentary yarn having a novel internal microstructure, a polyester tire cord produced from the yarn and a process for production thereof are provided. The polyester yarn of the present invention comprising at least 90 mol % polyethylene terephthalate and having a fineness of 3 to 5 denier per filament, wherein said yarn satisfies the following i).about.iii) characteristics, after it has been treated for 3 minutes at temperature of 240.degree.0 C., tension of 0.1 g/d, said yarn satisfies the following iv).about.vii) variations of mircrostructural physical properties: i) a density of 1.38.about.1.39 g/cm.sup.3, ii) a birefringence index in amorphous portions of 0.06.about.0.09, iii) tan .delta. peak temperature of 140 .degree. C. and below, iv) the increment of a percent crystallinity (.DELTA.X.sub.c) of 10.about.20 wt. %, v) the decrement of an amorphous orientation coefficient (.DELTA.F.sub.a) of at least 0.05, vi) the increment of a long period value (.DELTA.LP) of at least 10.ANG.