Abstract: The present disclosure provides autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor compounds and compositions including said compounds. The present disclosure also provides methods of using said compounds and compositions for inhibiting ATX. Also provided are methods of preparing said compounds and compositions, and synthetic precursors of said compounds.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure discloses tobacco material including: a center portion including a flavor material; and an outer portion including a tobacco mixture, wherein the outer portion surrounds the center portion.

Abstract: A quantum dot including a core that includes a first semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc and selenium, and optionally sulfur and/or tellurium, and a shell that includes a second semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc, and at least one of sulfur or selenium is disclosed. The quantum dot has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 13 nm, an emission peak wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 470 nm, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength of less than about 25 nm. A method for preparing the quantum dot, a quantum dot-polymer composite including the quantum dot, and an electronic device including the quantum dot is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for storing a liquid formulation of botulinum toxin for a long period of time at a low temperature and, more specifically, to a liquid-phase pharmaceutical composition and a method for maintaining biological activity of botulinum toxin by using same, wherein the composition comprises, as active ingredients, (i) botulinum toxin, (ii) hyaluronic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (iii) one or more additives selected from the group consisting of saccharides, a non-ionic surfactant, and a stabilizer. The composition according to the present invention has a remarkable effect of physically and chemically stabilizing botulinum toxin and preventing the tertiary structure of botulinum toxin from denaturing, thus making it possible to expand the formulation of botulinum toxin from conventionally limited dry agents to liquid-phase agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a foot pain disease, including botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, and a foot pain disease treatment method using the same. More specifically, the composition according to the present invention can exhibit a synergistic action of increasing both anti-inflammatory and anti-pain activity through an inflammation-inhibiting effect on a foot pain disease such as pain arising from plantar fasciitis, foot fasciitis, Achilles tendon damage, flat feet, diabetes, and gout. Thus, the composition according to the present invention is expected to be able to be usefully used subcutaneously in the foot as a liquid injection agent that exhibits an effect of treating or alleviating a foot pain disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a foot pain disease, including botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, and a foot pain disease treatment method using the same. More specifically, the composition according to the present invention can exhibit a synergistic action of increasing both anti-inflammatory and anti-pain activity through an inflammation-inhibiting effect on a foot pain disease such as pain arising from plantar fasciitis, foot fasciitis, Achilles tendon damage, flat feet, diabetes, and gout. Thus, the composition according to the present invention is expected to be able to be usefully used subcutaneously in the foot as a liquid injection agent that exhibits an effect of treating or alleviating a foot pain disease.