Abstract: The present invention provides a communication apparatus being in directly contact with a human body and using the human body as a transmission channel for data communication. The communication apparatus attached to the human body transmits a signal in the form of a current, receives a signal transmitted from another communication apparatus attached to the human body therethrough, and eliminates noise included in the received signal. In addition, the communication apparatus compares the noise-eliminated signal and a reference signal and recovers an original signal. Further, the communication apparatus generates a base-band signal and transmits the same through the human body.

Abstract: A touch input device includes: a transparent electrode includes: a plurality of unit electrodes; a switch configured to reconfigure an electrical connection state of the transparent electrode; and a controller configured to control the switch that reconfigures the electrical connection state of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a stack-type beta battery generating a current from a beta source and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes forming an oxide mask in a predetermined pattern on a surface of a substrate, forming a plurality of recesses by etching a region without the oxide mask from the substrate, removing the oxide mask and forming a PN-junction layer on the substrate, forming a first electrode on the PN-junction layer and forming a second electrode on another surface of the substrate, and forming a unit module by stacking a radioisotope layer on the PN-junction layer, the radioisotope layer emitting a beta ray. The beta battery can improve efficiency per unit area than a single layered beta battery by the number of stacked PN-junctions, and the process is simpler than a pore-forming process using DRIE, and manufacturing costs and time can be saved.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting a multi millimeter wave, which can minimize signal interference and crosstalk between devices using millimeter waves as transmission frequencies. The apparatus includes a scanner, a physical layer controller and a physical layer. The scanner searches for a peripheral communication environment. The physical layer controller selects a transmission mode from the physical layer based on the peripheral communication environment searched by the scanner. The physical layer has a plurality of transmission modes and outputs a millimeter wave to an outside through an antenna in the transmission mode selected under a control of the physical layer controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sound transmission system using a human body as a propagation medium. The transmission system includes a first signal transmitter and a second signal transmitter respectively generating signals having frequencies corresponding to each other, the first and second signal transmitters being coupled to the human body, wherein the first and second signal transmitters respectively generate high frequency signals having an opposite phase to each other, and the respective signal transmitters combine the audio signals and the high frequency signals to transmit the combined signals to the human body. The respective signal transmitters combine the generated audio signals and high frequency signals, adjust an output phase of the combined signals, and transmit the combined signals through the human body.

Abstract: There are provided a receiver in human body communication system using multiple receivers capable of reducing an error rate of receiver signals by applying a space diversity acquisition-related SIMO technology to a plurality of received data using multiple receivers or receiver electrodes in a human body communication system using a human body as a medium, and of stably transmitting the data for the interference of signals generated by other users or from different electronic devices, and a method for receiving data in a human body communication system. The receiver and the method for receiving data in a human body communication system may be useful to stably transmit/receive data without any reduction of its transmission rate by reducing the distortion in channels and the signal noise which are caused in the use of one receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival includes: a plurality of direction synthesizing units shifting the phase of each of a plurality of signals received by an array antenna such that the angle of arrival of each of the received signals is changed by a predetermined change angle; and an estimation unit estimating the angle of arrival of the received signal by using radiation gains of two phase-shifted signals among the signals phase-shifted by the plurality of direction synthesizing units.

Abstract: Provided is a human body communication method using a multi-carrier modulation method, in which users do not interfere with each other in an environment with several users, and stable communication is possible when users are exposed to strong interference generated at other electronic devices. Also, provided are a multi-carrier modulation method, in which data between communication devices connected to a human body used as a channel is divided into a plurality of sub-channels and the data is transmitted by loading it on each of a plurality of sub-carrier signals, and a multi-connection method using the multi-carrier modulation method. The plurality of sub-channels having a predetermined bandwidth include several sub-carriers, and by changing a modulation method applied to the sub-carriers, stable communication can be realized.

Abstract: Provided are a method, apparatus and system for providing a touch and play (TAP)-based service.

Abstract: An apparatus for harvesting energy from an electromagnetic field include an interface unit and a rectifier circuit. The interface unit obtains signals induced in a human body in electronic devices. The rectifier circuit rectifies an AC signal inputted from the interface unit and converts the inputted AC signal into DC power. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain desired power without additional exposure of an electromagnetic field to a human body or surroundings of the human body.

Abstract: A beam forming apparatus includes: a receiver including a plurality of digital phase shifters configured to estimate an angle of arrival (AOA) of a received signal; and a transmitter including a plurality of analog phase shifters configured to perform phase shift based on the estimated AOA or a designated angle of orientation.

Abstract: The pairing method of first and second devices each having a communication function using a millimeter wave band, includes: determining, by the first device, whether or not the a security code of the second device has been registered; when the first device determines that the security code of the second device has been registered, transmitting, by the first device, an activation command instructing the second device to perform millimeter wave band communication, a device ID, and the security code of the second device to the second device through RFID communication; and when the first device receives a message indicating that the second device is ready for millimeter wave band communication from the second device, activating, by the first device, an element for performing communication using the millimeter wave band.

Abstract: Provided is a communication apparatus having a human body contact sensing function and method. The apparatus includes: an electrode that comes in contact with the human body; a contact sensor coupled to the electrode that instructs the CPU to perform an initial operation if contact with the human body is sensed; and a data processing unit that receives a control signal from the CPU to select whether to transmit or receive data, and performs a transmitting or receiving operation according to the control signal. To reduce power consumption in a stand-by state before body contact is made when using a human body as a communication medium, a human body contact sensor is included to minimize power consumption of a micro processing unit and a transmitter/receiver circuit until contact occurs. Minimizing power consumption when in a stand-by mode by using a contact sensor with low power consumption extends stand-by time.

Abstract: Provided is a communication apparatus having a human body contact sensing function and a method thereof. The communication apparatus includes: an electrode that comes in contact with the human body; a contact sensor that is connected to the electrode, and instructs the central processing unit to perform an initial operation if contact with the human body is sensed; and a data processing unit that receives a control signal from the central processing unit so as to select whether to transmit or receive data, and performs a transmitting or receiving operation according to the control signal. Accordingly, in order to reduce power consumption when in a stand-by state before human body contact is made in a communication apparatus using a human body as a communication medium, a human body contact sensor is included so as to minimize power consumption of a micro processing unit and a transmitter/receiver circuit until contact occurs.

Abstract: Provided is a high-voltage complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) charge pump. The high-voltage CMOS charge pump includes a first Dickson charge pump for doubling a supply voltage based on an input clock signal and a complementary input clock signal with reversed phases to each other; a level shifter for doubling voltage levels of the input clock signal and the complementary input clock signal based on an output signal and a complementary output signal of the first Dickson charge pump as power sources, to thereby output a doubled-output clock signal and a doubled-output clock signal; and a second Dickson charge pump for doubling voltage levels of the output signal and the complementary output signal based on the doubled-output clock signal and the doubled-complementary output clock signal from the level shifter.

Abstract: There is provided a communications system and method using a part of human body as an antenna in a body area network, and more particularly, to a communications system and method enabling wireless communications using a low frequency band without the use of a bulky antenna in such a manner that a transmitting-side communications device applies electrical signals to a human body via a transmitting-side coupler to allow a part of human body to act as an antenna, and electrical signals, occurring in another part of human body due to radio frequency (RF) signals, are transferred to a receiving-side communications device via a receiving-side coupler.

Abstract: An apparatus for realizing a three-dimensional (3D) neural network includes a culture substrate (21) having a 3D structure and a plurality of microelectrodes (22) disposed on the culture substrate (21) in such a manner that neurons are cultured with a 3D structure. The central portion of the culture substrate (21) is shaped in a hemispheric form and a peripheral portion is shaped in a planar form. A plurality of outside connection electrodes (23) are disposed on the peripheral portion so as to be connected to an external device, and a plurality of electrode-connecting lines (24) connecting the microelectrodes (22) to the outside connection electrodes (23) are disposed on the culture substrate (21) as well.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for transmitting sound through a nonlinear medium. The apparatus includes a pre-distorter for previously distorting a sound signal to compensate for distortion to be caused by a frequency characteristic of the nonlinear medium in a transmission process of the sound signal, a sigma-delta modulator for modulating the pre-distorted sound signal into a signal having two signal levels, a high-frequency modulator for multiplying the modulated signal by a carrier wave having a higher frequency than an audio frequency band to shift the modulated signal to a carrier frequency band and generate a high-frequency modulated signal, and a transmitter for converting the high-frequency modulated signal into a sound wave signal suited to be transmitted through the nonlinear medium and transmitting the sound wave signal.

Abstract: A provided a human body sound transmission apparatus includes: a processing unit processing an audio signal of an audio frequency band including data desired to be transmitted, an audio high frequency signal obtained by combining the audio signal and a first high frequency signal, and a second high frequency signal; and a transmission unit receiving a signal obtained by combining the audio high frequency signal and the second high frequency signal from the processing unit and transmitting the received signal by using a human body as a medium, wherein the audio high frequency signal and the second high frequency signal are combined to be transmitted by using the single transmission unit.

Abstract: Provided is a loop type micro heat transport device including: a lower plate having a reservoir for storing operating fluid at its upper surface, an evaporating part spaced apart from the reservoir to evaporate the operating fluid, and a condensing part for condensing vapor evaporated from the evaporating part; and an upper plate engaged with an upper surface of the lower plate and formed at a position corresponding to the evaporating part and the condensing part, and including a vapor space having a vapor line through which the vapor evaporated from the evaporating part is transported to the condensing part, wherein the operating fluid is circulated through the reservoir, the evaporating part, and the condensing part. Therefore, it is possible to remarkably improve productivity since its simple structure helps to make the manufacture simple, as well as to improve cooling performance and enabling long distance heat transport.