Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multilayer metal plate by electroplating includes a first forming operation of forming one of a first metal layer and a second metal layer on a substrate by electroplating, wherein the second metal layer is less recrystallized than the first metal layer, the second metal layer is comprised of nanometer-size grains, and the second metal layer has a higher level of tensile strength than the first metal layer; and a second forming operation of forming, by electroplating, a third metal layer not formed in the first forming operation on a surface of one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer formed in the first forming operation.

Abstract: Controlling a speed limit includes determining a virtual vehicle speed as being a lower one of a vehicle speed and a target limit speed, determining a virtual APS value as being a larger one of a first APS value and a second APS value, transitioning to a second mode at a point in time at which an actual APS value and the second APS value become different, when it is expected to transition to the second mode, among a first mode for sustaining a SOC of a battery at the target limit speed and the second mode for depleting the SOC, and determining a transmission gear position by applying the determined virtual vehicle speed and the determined virtual APS value to one of a first shifting pattern and a second shifting pattern.

Abstract: A method for controlling driving of a hybrid electric vehicle includes collecting driving data while the hybrid electric vehicle is driven, determining whether the hybrid electric vehicle enters a first mode corresponding to emergency driving of the hybrid electric vehicle or a second mode corresponding to control in preparation for the emergency driving, and controlling the hybrid electric vehicle in accordance with a mode that the hybrid electric vehicle enters among the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: A brake lamp control method of a vehicle is provided. The method includes determining whether a deceleration of the vehicle based on regenerative brake through the electric motor is present in a hysteresis period between an off threshold as a reference for turning off a brake lamp and an on threshold as a reference for turning on the brake lamp. When the deceleration of the vehicle is present in the hysteresis period, the method includes determining a state of the brake lamp before the deceleration of the vehicle enters the hysteresis period. In response to determining that the brake lamp is turned on or off for a reason except for the regenerative brake before the deceleration of the vehicle enters the hysteresis period, a request for turning on the brake lamp is set or reset based on the regenerative brake in response to the determined state of the brake lamp.

Abstract: Provided is a method for automatically generating a banner image for a promotion, performed by a computing device comprising a processor and a memory. The method comprises the steps of: acquiring information about any concept classification to which a product or service to be promoted corresponds from among a plurality of predefined concept classifications; determining a setting value for a foundation that is a minimum unit constituting the design of a banner image, on the basis of the concept classification to which the product or service to be promoted belongs; determining at least one component included in the banner image, on the basis of the setting value for the foundation; and generating at least one banner template including component arrangement information that is information about the location and size of which of the at least one component.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gas distribution apparatus for substrate processing apparatuses, including: a distribution body distributing a process gas toward a substrate supporting unit supporting a substrate; a first injection hole provided in the distribution body, a process gas which is to be distributed toward the substrate supporting unit being injected through the first inject hole; and a second injection hole provided in the distribution body at a position spaced apart from the first injection hole, a process gas which is to be distributed toward the substrate supporting unit being injected through the second inject hole, and a substrate processing apparatus.

Abstract: Compositions for removing silicone resins and methods of thinning a substrate by using the same, as well as related methods, apparatus and systems for facilitating the removal of silicone resins are provided. The compositions for removing silicone resins, may include a heterocyclic solvent and an alkyl ammonium fluoride salt represented by a formula, (R)4N+F?, wherein R is a C1 to C4 linear alkyl group. Silicone resins may be effectively removed by using the compositions since the compositions exhibit an excellent decomposition rate with respect to the silicone resins that remain on a semiconductor substrate in a process of backside grinding of the semiconductor substrate, backside electrode formation, or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to provision of artificial bioluminescent enzymes. The invention provides for a polypeptide, including any one of amino acid sequences (i) to (iii) below, and having luciferase activity: (i) an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; (ii) an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in which 1 to 10 amino acids are substituted, added, or deleted; or (iii) an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to establishment of a series of artificial luciferases based on artificial amino acid sequences extracted by amino acid alignment of copepod-derived luciferase sequences in a database based on amino acid similarity. The invention provides high luminescence intensity, high luminescence stability, and a spectrum with increased wavelength as luminescence characteristics. A series of artificial luciferases (ALuc) was established. The group of ALucs has superior luminescence characteristics, such as an increase in luminescence intensity, an increase in luminescence stability, or an increase in wavelength of the luminescence spectrum, which were not obtained before. Further, by using the artificial luciferases (ALuc) of the invention, it is possible to provide a novel, superior bioassay system, such as a bioluminescent probe, two-hybrid assay, a luminescent capsule, or the like having improved measurement function.

Abstract: A current level extraction method for preventing cutoff is disclosed. The method may include starting a voltage sweep to an interconnection structure at a certain temperature, measuring an initial resistance of the interconnection structure, calculating a measured resistance of the interconnection structure according to a corresponding input voltage, determining whether or not a resistance ratio of the measured resistance of the interconnection structure to the initial resistance is equal to or less than a preset value, updating a current value corresponding to measured resistance to a potential maximum current level and repeating the step of calculating the measured resistance when the resistance ratio of the interconnection structure is equal to or less than the preset value, and setting the current value corresponding to the measured resistance as a maximum current level when the resistance ratio of the interconnection structure is greater than the preset value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gas distribution apparatus for substrate processing apparatuses, including: a distribution body distributing a process gas toward a substrate supporting unit supporting a substrate; a first injection hole provided in the distribution body, a process gas which is to be distributed toward the substrate supporting unit being injected through the first inject hole; and a second injection hole provided in the distribution body at a position spaced apart from the first injection hole, a process gas which is to be distributed toward the substrate supporting unit being injected through the second inject hole, and a substrate processing apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a series of coelenterazine (CTZ) derivatives as a substrate with high luminescence intensity, which is optimal for maximum luminescence wavelengths at both 400 nm (blue-shifted RLuc luminescence system) and 500 nm (ALuc luminescence system) for bioassays which is more sensitive than known techniques. The novel CTZ derivatives are compounds in which a specific position(s) of the CTZ is/are substituted with a specific substituent(s) as shown, for example, by the Formula [I], and has a higher luminescence intensity than known CTZ derivatives in blue-shifted RLuc luminescence system or ALuc luminescence system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bioluminescent substrate suitably usable in a series of artificial luciferases (ALuc), and the invention provides a wavelength-shifted spectrum with a selective high intensity luminescence and high luminescence stability obtained by the use of the substrate together with ALuc. The luminescent substrate for ALuc obtained by the invention can be included together with a suitable luminescence solution in a luminescence kit. The bioluminescent substrate for ALuc of the invention can exhibit unprecedented excellent luminescence specificity and functionality in the conventional bioluminescence probe, two-hybrid assay, bioluminescent capsule, and reporter gene assay.

Abstract: A current level extraction method for preventing cutoff is disclosed. The method may include starting a voltage sweep to an interconnection structure at a certain temperature, measuring an initial resistance of the interconnection structure, calculating a measured resistance of the interconnection structure according to a corresponding input voltage, determining whether or not a resistance ratio of the measured resistance of the interconnection structure to the initial resistance is equal to or less than a preset value, updating a current value corresponding to measured resistance to a potential maximum current level and repeating the step of calculating the measured resistance when the resistance ratio of the interconnection structure is equal to or less than the preset value, and setting the current value corresponding to the measured resistance as a maximum current level when the resistance ratio of the interconnection structure is greater than the preset value.

Abstract: There is provided a series of coelenterazine (CTZ) derivatives as a substrate with high luminescence intensity, which is optimal for maximum luminescence wavelengths at both 400 nm (blue-shifted RLuc luminescence system) and 500 nm (ALuc luminescence system) for bioassays which is more sensitive than known techniques. The novel CTZ derivatives are compounds in which a specific position(s) of the CTZ is/are substituted with a specific substituent(s) as shown, for example, by the Formula [I], and has a higher luminescence intensity than known CTZ derivatives in blue-shifted RLuc luminescence system or ALuc luminescence system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions for removing silicone resins and methods of thinning a substrate by using the same, as well as related methods, apparatus and systems for facilitating the removal of silicone resins. More particularly, disclosed herein are compositions for removing silicone resins, the compositions including a heterocyclic solvent and an alkyl ammonium fluoride salt represented by a formula, (R)4N+F?, wherein R is a C1 to C4 linear alkyl group. Silicone resins may be effectively removed by using the compositions since the compositions exhibit an excellent decomposition rate with respect to the silicone resins that remain on a semiconductor substrate in a process of backside grinding of the semiconductor substrate, backside electrode formation, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to provision of novel artificial bioluminescent enzymes. According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a polypeptide, including any one of amino acid sequences (i) to (iii) below, and having a copepod luciferase activity: (i) an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 12; (ii) an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 12 in which one or several amino acids are substituted, added, or deleted; or (iii) an amino acid sequence having an identity of not less than 90% with an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 12.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions for removing silicone resins and methods of thinning a substrate by using the same, as well as related methods, apparatus and systems for facilitating the removal of silicone resins. More particularly, disclosed herein are compositions for removing silicone resins, the compositions including a heterocyclic solvent and an alkyl ammonium fluoride salt represented by a formula, (R)4N+F?, wherein R is a C1 to C4 linear alkyl group. Silicone resins may be effectively removed by using the compositions since the compositions exhibit an excellent decomposition rate with respect to the silicone resins that remain on a semiconductor substrate in a process of backside grinding of the semiconductor substrate, backside electrode formation, or the like.

Abstract: Liquid carbon dioxide separated from sour gas is expanded by throttling decompression and is gas-liquid separated at a low temperature so as to be supplied for shipping or the improvement of petroleum recovery. Methane generated from a stranded gas well is allowed to pass as a coolant through liquid carbon dioxide separated and discharged from sour gas generated from the stranded gas well so as to cool liquid carbon dioxide. Disclosed is a module for treating carbon dioxide, and a treatment method thereof for supplying liquid carbon dioxide at a proper temperature and state conditions when there is a need for liquid carbon dioxide of very low temperature for the storage or collection of carbon dioxide, the improvement of petroleum recovery, or the like by cooling carbon dioxide using a material separated from sour gas of a stranded gas well as a coolant.