Abstract: An encoding method, an encoder, and a decoder for dynamic power consumption control are provided. The encoder includes a control unit, an initial encoding unit, and L incremental encoding units. The control unit is configured to enable only the initial encoding unit in an RS (N0, K) operating mode to perform encoding or enable only the initial encoding unit and first j incremental encoding units in the L incremental encoding units in an RS (Nj, K) operating mode to perform encoding. The initial encoding unit is configured to perform RS FEC encoding on m(x) to obtain a quotient D0(x) and a remainder R0(x) of xN0?Km(x) relative to g0(x). An (h+1)th incremental encoding unit is configured to obtain, according to a quotient Dh(x) and a remainder Rh(x), a quotient Dh+1(x) and a remainder Rh+1(x) of xNh+1?Km(x) relative to gh+1(x).

Abstract: An encoding method, an encoder, and a decoder for dynamic power consumption control are provided. The encoder includes a control unit, an initial encoding unit, and L incremental encoding units. The control unit is configured to enable only the initial encoding unit in an RS (N0, K) operating mode to perform encoding or enable only the initial encoding unit and first j incremental encoding units in the L incremental encoding units in an RS (Nj, K) operating mode to perform encoding. The initial encoding unit is configured to perform RS FEC encoding on m(x) to obtain a quotient D0(x) and a remainder R0(x) of xN0?Km(x) relative to g0(x). An (h+1)th incremental encoding unit is configured to obtain, according to a quotient Dh(x) and a remainder Rh(x), a quotient Dh+1(x) and a remainder Rh+1(x) of xNh+1?Km(x) relative to gh+1(x).

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a method and an apparatus for determining a frame boundary of an FEC frame, and a decoding system. The method includes receiving data, where the data includes N+P consecutive symbols, N consecutive symbols constitute a first data block, and N consecutive symbols constitute a second data block; obtaining s parameter values corresponding to the first data block. The method also includes determining a first iterative item and a second iterative item and determining, according to the s parameter values corresponding to the first data block, s parameter values corresponding to the second data block. Additionally, the method includes determining, according to the s parameter values corresponding to the second data block, whether the second symbol is a frame boundary of an FEC frame.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a method and an apparatus for determining a frame boundary of an FEC frame, and a decoding system. The method includes receiving data, where the data includes N+P consecutive symbols, N consecutive symbols constitute a first data block, and N consecutive symbols constitute a second data block; obtaining s parameter values corresponding to the first data block. The method also includes determining a first iterative item and a second iterative item and determining, according to the s parameter values corresponding to the first data block, s parameter values corresponding to the second data block. Additionally, the method includes determining, according to the s parameter values corresponding to the second data block, whether the second symbol is a frame boundary of an FEC frame.

Abstract: A method for an Ethernet to bear ATM cells includes: mapping the ATM virtual connection information in the first ATM cell received from the ATM network to an Interworking Identifier (IW ID); combining the IW ID and the cell payload of the first ATM cell into an Ethernet frame; and transmitting the Ethernet frame in an Ethernet network. An apparatus for an Ethernet to bear ATM cells is also disclosed. The embodiments of the present invention implement network interworking on the data link layer (layer 2) and enable an ATM network to perform ATM emulation in a metropolitan area Ethernet (MEN) independently of the upper-layer protocol, thus facilitating the user.

Abstract: A method for carrying Frame Relay over Ethernet comprises: receiving a Frame Relay frame, and removing header and tail flag sequences from the Frame Relay frame; determining a control word and performing payload encapsulation; mapping a DLCI to a VCE ID and encapsulating the VCE ID; encapsulating an Ethernet frame header, generating an Ethernet FCS and transmitting the Ethernet frame to Ethernet; and, receiving the Ethernet frame, checking the Ethernet frame and removing the Ethernet frame header; removing the VCE ID, and mapping the VCE ID to the DLCI; obtaining the control word, obtaining Frame Relay information from the payload and reconstructing the Frame Relay frame according to the control word; adding flag sequences to the Frame Relay frame, and transmitting the Frame Relay frame to a Frame Relay network. According to the invention, Frame Relay carried over Ethernet may be implemented without relying on the types of the upper layer protocols.

Abstract: A method for implementing group protection in a Multiple Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network disclosed in the present invention includes: monitoring a Label Switched Path (LSP) in an MPLS network; and performing a group protection switching when a failure is determined on an LSP of the working LSP group according to a monitoring result. In the present invention, a state of each monitored LSP of the working LSP group and the protection LSP group is monitored without merging LSPs of each LSP group. Moreover, as long a Signal Fail (SF) or a Signal Degrade (SD) is detected on an LSP of the working LSP group and no SF/SD is detected in the protection LSP group, an LSP group protection switching will be triggered, thereby easy the implementation of the LSP group protection.

Abstract: A method of failure detection on an Internet Protocol (IP) forwarding plane, which includes: IP nodes of the two ends obtain Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) identifier information which is used in the BFD, moreover start a BFD session, encapsulate and transport a BFD packet between the IP nodes running the BFD session and implement the failure detection according to the BFD packet transported between the IP nodes. The method of this invention realizes the failure detection via starting the BFD session and via transporting the BFD packet between the inter-domain IP nodes or the intra-domain IP nodes.

Abstract: A method for avoiding loop in an Ethernet ring includes, preventing, by transmit nodes constituting a ring, themselves from using the data frame transmission capabilities of ports on a link affected by a failure, when the ring failure has been detected by a transmit node constituting a ring; obtaining, by a master node of the ring, the ring failure, and performing a protection switching operation; flushing, by transmit nodes, their own forwarding tables, and forwarding a frame according to the flushed forwarding tables. If the failure in the ring has been removed, the master node shifts to a normal state and transmit nodes restore their data frame transmission capabilities of ports on a link ever affected by a failure. A system and an apparatus for avoiding data loop in an Ethernet ring are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for an Ethernet to bear ATM cells includes: mapping the ATM virtual connection information in the first ATM cell received from the ATM network to an Interworking Identifier (IW ID); combining the IW ID and the cell payload of the first ATM cell into an Ethernet frame; and transmitting the Ethernet frame in an Ethernet network. An apparatus for an Ethernet to bear ATM cells is also disclosed. The embodiments of the present invention implement network interworking on the data link layer (layer 2) and enable an ATM network to perform ATM emulation in a metropolitan area Ethernet (MEN) independently of the upper-layer protocol, thus facilitating the user.

Abstract: A method for carrying Frame Relay over Ethernet comprises: receiving a Frame Relay frame, and removing header and tail flag sequences from the Frame Relay frame; determining a control word and performing payload encapsulation; mapping a DLCI to a VCE ID and encapsulating the VCE ID; encapsulating an Ethernet frame header, generating an Ethernet FCS and transmitting the Ethernet frame to Ethernet; and, receiving the Ethernet frame, checking the Ethernet frame and removing the Ethernet frame header; removing the VCE ID, and mapping the VCE ID to the DLCI; obtaining the control word, obtaining Frame Relay information from the payload and reconstructing the Frame Relay frame according to the control word; adding flag sequences to the Frame Relay frame, and transmitting the Frame Relay frame to a Frame Relay network. According to the invention, Frame Relay carried over Ethernet may be implemented without relying on the types of the upper layer protocols.

Abstract: A method for detecting an available/unavailable state of a packet transport network, includes the steps of: in the packet transport network, detecting a severely errored second (SES) using performance parameters of the packet transport network, and detecting an available/unavailable time with the SES as a reference, and thus providing a method of determining if the packet transport network enters and exits the available/unavailable state. In this way, the detection of the available time of the packet transport network is achieved, and it is ensured that performance parameters of the packet transport network are measured when the packet transport network is in an available state, while the measurement of the performance parameters of the packet transport network is stopped when the packet transport network is in an unavailable state. Thus, the OAM mechanism of the packet transport network can be improved, and the defects in the performance management of the packet transport network can be eliminated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provides a method for measuring performance parameters of MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, including: sending a performance parameter measurement packet carrying first information for measuring a performance parameter of the MPLS network to a second party; measuring the performance parameter of the MPLS network according to the first information in the performance parameter measurement packet. The embodiments of the invention also provide a system and a device for measuring performance parameters of the MPLS network.

Abstract: A method of failure detection on an Internet Protocol (IP) forwarding plane, which includes: IP nodes of the two ends obtain Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) identifier information which is used in the BFD, moreover start a BFD session, encapsulate and transport a BFD packet between the IP nodes running the BFD session and implement the failure detection according to the BFD packet transported between the IP nodes. The method of this invention realizes the failure detection via starting the BFD session and via transporting the BFD packet between the inter-domain IP nodes or the intra-domain IP nodes.

Abstract: A method for implementing group protection in a Multiple Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network disclosed in the present invention includes: monitoring a Label Switched Path (LSP) in an MPLS network; and performing a group protection switching when a failure is determined on an LSP of the working LSP group according to a monitoring result. In the present invention, a state of each monitored LSP of the working LSP group and the protection LSP group is monitored without merging LSPs of each LSP group. Moreover, as long a Signal Fail (SF) or a Signal Degrade (SD) is detected on an LSP of the working LSP group and no SF/SD is detected in the protection LSP group, an LSP group protection switching will be triggered, thereby easy the implementation of the LSP group protection.

Abstract: A method for implementing a bidirectional protection switching in a Multiple Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, mainly includes: configuring bidirectional protection switching strategy for two bidirectional Label Switching Path (LSP) each of which includes two LSPs in opposite directions according to an Automatic Protection Switching (APS) protocol; and implementing the bidirectional protection switching according to the bidirectional protection switching strategy pre-con-figured when the bidirectional protection switching is decided to be needed according to the APS protocol in the MPLS network. This invention effectively protects a bidirectional MPLS LSP and ensures equal delay of data traffic in the two directions. Besides, the APS protocol introduced in this invention can also include a unidirectional MPLS LSP protection and thus provides an uniform mechanism for both unidirectional and bidirectional protection in the MPLS network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fault management in an Ethernet and a Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network interworking, which mainly includes: in an interworking network, a fault monitoring entity monitors the interworking network; and when detecting a fault in the interworking network, the fault monitoring entity sends a fault alarm notification message to an Ethernet End System. The present invention discloses a device for fault management in an Ethernet and a MPLS network interworking as well. According to the solution provided by the present invention, the fault alarm information can be sent to the corresponding peer at the opposite end timely when there is a fault in the interworking network; thus effectively guaranteeing the end-to-end management of fault alarm in the Ethernet and MPLS network interworking and effectively improving the service transmission reliability in the interworking network.