Abstract: A process for the preparation of an antimicrobial coating solution is described. The process comprises the steps of: (i) mixing a chelating agent with titanium alkoxide and fluoroacetic acid; and (ii) adding an aqueous solution to the mixture from step (i). The antimicrobial coating described is visible light activated. The coating is applied to surfaces and then heat treated to form a transparent layer on the surface. This is particularly advantageous where the surface is glass.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an antimicrobial coating solution includes the steps of: (i) mixing a chelating agent with titanium alkoxide and fluoroacetic acid; and (ii) adding an aqueous solution to the mixture from step (i). The antimicrobial coating is visible light activated and can be applied to surfaces and optionally heat treated to form a transparent layer on the surface.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an antimicrobial coating solution is described. The process comprises the steps of: (i) mixing a chelating agent with titanium alkoxide and fluoroacetic acid; and (ii) adding an aqueous solution to the mixture from step (i). The antimicrobial coating described is visible light activated. The coating is applied to surfaces and then heat treated to form a transparent layer on the surface. This is particularly advantageous where the surface is glass.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an antimicrobial coating solution is described. The process comprises the steps of: (i) mixing a chelating agent with titanium alkoxide and fluoroacetic acid; and (ii) adding an aqueous solution to the mixture from step (i). The antimicrobial coating described is visible light activated. The coating is applied to surfaces and then heat treated to form a transparent layer on the surface. This is particularly advantageous where the surface is glass.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an antimicrobial coating solution is described. The process comprises the steps of: (i) mixing a chelating agent with titanium alkoxide and fluoroacetic acid; and (ii) adding an aqueous solution to the mixture from step (i). The antimicrobial coating described is visible light activated. The coating is applied to surfaces and then heat treated to form a transparent layer on the surface. This is particularly advantageous where the surface is glass.

Abstract: Populations of Salmonella in animals may be substantially reduced by treatment with a vaccine composition which has been produced by exposing whole, intact cells of a Salmonella species to irradiation with an electron beam under conditions effective to kill the cells. The electron beam irradiated cells of Salmonella are effective for stimulating protective immune responses in the animals against the Salmonella. Induction of these immune responses significantly reduces or eliminates the colonization of the animal by the Salmonella, and consequently reduces or eliminates the shedding of Salmonella in the feces of the animals.

Abstract: It is desirable to provide an improved system for describing the impact of a change in routing on the performance of wavelengths traversing the links in a optical communication network. It is also desirable that such a system be computationally simple. The present invention accomplishes these aims by providing a mechanism for the development of a set of metrics that describe the impact of different fiber types and lengths bearing a number of wavelengths, on one of the wavelengths propagated by a given input power. These metrics permit the prediction of a wavelength's behaviour by simple calculations. Accordingly, the need for full non-linear simulation is obviated, thereby improving the speed, efficiency and flexibility of optical layer routing algorithms.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for removing biological pathogens using surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ). A method for removing biological pathogens from a fluid or a fluid-based gel includes filtering the fluid or fluid-based gel using SMZs. A method for removing air-borne biological pathogens includes drawing air through a fluid layer or a fluid-based gel layer and filtering the fluid or the fluid-based gel layer using SMZs.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for removing biological pathogens using surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ). A method for removing biological pathogens from a fluid or a fluid-based gel includes filtering the fluid or fluid-based gel using SMZs. A method for removing air-borne biological pathogens includes drawing air through a fluid layer or a fluid-based gel layer and filtering the fluid or the fluid-based gel layer using SMZs.