Abstract: Charge-based charge pumps are described which include a switchable capacitor configured for connection to a voltage source, a ground, and a charge pump output. A first pair of switches include a first switch configured to connect the switchable capacitor to ground and a second switch configured to connect the switchable capacitor to the voltage source. A second pair of switches include a third switch configured to connect a first node, between the switchable capacitor and ground, to the charge pump output, and a fourth switch configured to connect a second node, between the switchable capacitor and the voltage source, to the charge pump output. Locked loop designs, such as phase locked loops or delay locked loops, are described that include charge-based charge pumps.

Abstract: A tactile sensor may include at least one light source and multiple light sensors within a common, protective housing. Each light sensor may be oriented to detect light originating from the light source. The housing may include flexible material that deforms in response to force applied to an external surface of the housing. In turn, this may cause changes in the intensity of light that is detected by the light sensors. A signal processing system may generate information that is representative of the magnitude of the applied force in at least two orthogonal directions based on the intensity of light detected by the light sensors. Each light sensor may be contained within a cavity in the housing. The cavity may be configured such that its geometry affects the sensitivity of the light sensor to the applied force.

Abstract: Charge-based charge pumps are described which include a switchable capacitor configured for connection to a voltage source, a ground, and a charge pump output. A first pair of switches include a first switch configured to connect the switchable capacitor to ground and a second switch configured to connect the switchable capacitor to the voltage source. A second pair of switches include a third switch configured to connect a first node, between the switchable capacitor and ground, to the charge pump output, and a fourth switch configured to connect a second node, between the switchable capacitor and the voltage source, to the charge pump output. Locked loop designs, such as phase locked loops or delay locked loops, are described that include charge-based charge pumps.