Abstract: In a communication terminal that is capable of carrying out communications based on a plurality of communication standards, for example, a cellular phone, information representing a reception carrier frequency of a wireless channel being received by a cellular-phone functional block is output from a CPU to a contactless-IC-card-reader/writer functional block. In the contactless-IC-card-reader/writer functional block, a controller controls a switching circuit to switch a transmission carrier frequency being used so that harmonic components of an electromagnetic wave radiated from a coil antenna will not work as an electromagnetic-interference wave that affects reception sensitivity of the cellular-phone functional block.

Abstract: In a registered card issuing information supply device 131, the registered card issuing information is encrypted, and the encrypted registered card issuing information thus obtained is transmitted through a transmission medium 121 to a registered card issuing machine 101. In the registered card issuing machine 101, the encrypted registered card issuing information from the registered card issuing information supply device 131 is received and registered. When the registered card issuing machine 101 is allowed to communicate with the IC card 2, it transmits the encrypted registered card issuing information thus registered to the IC card 2. In the IC card 2, the encrypted registered card issuing information from the registered card issuing machine 101 is decoded, and the registered card issuing information thus obtained is stored.

Abstract: A structure of a system using an IC card is simplified. A controller and active antennas are connected to each other through a bus. The controller transmits a command outputted from a host computer and including an ID for discriminating the active antennas to all the active antennas connected to the bus. The respective active antennas judge whether or not the received command is directed to itself by checking the contained ID. In the case where it is judged that the command is directed to itself, transfer of data to the IC card is performed, and the result is transferred to the controller through the active antenna and the bus.

Abstract: A structure of a system using an IC card is simplified. A controller and active antennas are connected to each other through a bus. The controller transmits a command outputted from a host computer and including an ID for discriminating the active antennas to all the active antennas connected to the bus. The respective active antennas judge whether or not the received command is directed to itself by checking the contained ID. In the case where it is judged that the command is directed to itself, transfer of data to the IC card is performed, and the result is transferred to the controller through the active antenna and the bus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication system and communication method which enable various types of near field communication, and a data processing apparatus. NFC communication apparatuses 1 to 3 have two features in that each can perform communication in two communication modes and that each can perform data transmission at a plurality of transfer rates. The two communication modes consist of a passive mode and an active mode. In the passive mode, between the NFC communication apparatuses 1 and 2, for example, the NFC communication apparatus 1 transmits data to the NFC communication apparatus 2 by modulating electromagnetic waves generated by itself, while the NFC communication apparatus 2 transmits data to the NFC communication apparatus 1 by performing load modulation on the electromagnetic waves generated by the NFC communication apparatus 1.

Abstract: A code range which is the range of usable identification codes (corresponding to file names or directory names) is stored in an area defining area corresponding to a directory, and a layer structure in which the area defining area concerned is set as a parent layer and the other area defining areas are set as child layers is constructed on the basis of the code range. Further, the capacity (empty capacity) of the usable storage area is stored in the area defining area, and the capacity and identification codes which are usable in the layer of an area defining area are restricted by the empty capacity and the code range.

Abstract: An encryption processing apparatus and method in which the difficulty of encryption analysis based on power analysis can be increased considerably are provided. By dividing an original encryption processing sequence into a plurality of groups and by mixing the processing sequence by setting dummies as necessary, several hundreds to several thousands of types of different mixed encryption processing sequences can be set, and a sequence selected from a large number of these settable sequences is performed. According to this configuration, consumption power variations which are completely different from consumption power variations caused by a regular process possessed by the original encryption processing sequence can be generated, and thus the difficulty of encryption analysis based on power analysis can be increased considerably.

Abstract: An in-vivo information extracting system comprises a tag device (1) embedded in a living body, a relay device (2) disposed outside the living body and near the tag device (1), and main transceiver (3) for collecting the in-vivo information extracted by the tag device (1) through the relay device (2). The tag device (1) has a rectifier circuit for rectifying an electromagnetic wave received from the relay device (2) and generating an operating power. By thus generating, inside the tag device, the operating power needed to drive the tag device (1) from the electromagnetic wave fed from outside by means of an RFID, any cell or battery in the tag device (1) is not needed, and the size of the tag device (1) is accordingly reduced. Therefore, the tag device can be used in a living body almost permanently.

Abstract: A code range which is the range of usable identification codes (corresponding to file names or directory names) is stored in an area defining area corresponding to a directory, and a layer structure in which the area defining area concerned is set as a parent layer and the other area defining areas are set as child layers is constructed on the basis of the code range. Further, the capacity (empty capacity) of the usable storage area is stored in the area defining area, and the capacity and identification codes which are usable in the layer of an area defining area are restricted by the empty capacity and the code range.

Abstract: In a communication terminal that is capable of carrying out communications based on a plurality of communication standards, for example, a cellular phone, information representing a reception carrier frequency of a wireless channel being received by a cellular-phone functional block is output from a CPU to a contactless-IC-card-reader/writer functional block. In the contactless-IC-card-reader/writer functional block, a controller controls a switching circuit to switch a transmission carrier frequency being used so that harmonic components of an electromagnetic wave radiated from a coil antenna will not work as an electromagnetic-interference wave that affects reception sensitivity of the cellular-phone functional block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus that allows separately forming regions having different roles. When an area definition region #0100h is newly formed under an area definition region #0000h that is formed on an IC card, information of the area definition region #0100h is encrypted using a service key stored in an area registration service definition region #0020h that is formed in advance, and the encrypted information is supplied to the IC card. Upon receiving that information, the IC card decrypts the encrypted information using the service key stored in the area registration service definition region #0020h. Then, the area definition region #0100h is formed based on the result of decryption. The present invention may be applied to an IC card that exchanges information in a non-contact manner and to an apparatus that exchanges data with the IC card.

Abstract: Memory corruption can be suppressed. When data stored in a random access area are read, the read data (physical block) are retrieved by a logic block number and newest data are read by referring to an incremental counter of data having that logic block number. When data are stored in the random access area, the incremental counter and the logic block number of data already stored in the random access area are referred and a physical block set to be unnecessary is set to a writer buffer, and then the data are written to this write buffer.

Abstract: To provide an improved management structure of memory devices storing service-use applications. A card for a memory device applied to use various services is provided as one child card or more corresponding to each of the services, a parent card-stores data for child-card issue management, and the child-card issue processing is executed based on the parent card, such as parent card authentication. An issue certificate having a parent-card digital signature is stored in the child card, the issue certificate contains a service code and a child-card identification, and thus it becomes possible to confirm a service set in the child card based on the issue certificate as the parent-card signature data.

Abstract: Memory corruption can be suppressed. When data stored in a random access area are read, the read data (physical block) are retrieved by a logic block number and newest data are read by referring to an incremental counter of data having that logic block number. When data are stored in the random access area, the incremental counter and the logic block number of data already stored in the random access area are referred and a physical block set to be unnecessary is set to a writer buffer, and then the data are written to this write buffer.

Abstract: An IC card issuer issues an IC card and requests a card memory area operator to lend part of a memory area of the IC card to another card memory area user. The card memory area operator provides a memory area division apparatus and various data to the memory area division apparatus under the control of an operator communication apparatus 12. The card memory area user divides the memory area of the IC card to a memory area to be used by the IC card issuer and a memory area to be used by the card memory area user. The operation file registration apparatus writes file data for the card memory area user providing a service to the memory area of the card memory area user obtained by the above division.

Abstract: To be able to maintain compatibility of a plurality of data even when a hazard is caused in the midst of writing the plurality of related data, a first region stores physical block numbers #00H through #03H of physical blocks constituting a data region respectively in correspondence with logical block numbers %00H through %03H, for example, when a request of writing data is made to the logical blocks %00H and %02H, the data are respectively written to, for example, physical blocks #04H and #05H which are updating blocks for updating data in physical blocks constituting the data region and block numbers #04H and #05H of the physical blocks are stored to a second region respectively in correspondence with the logical blocks %00H and %02H.

Abstract: Memory corruption can be suppressed. When data stored in a random access area are read, the read data (physical block) are retrieved by a logic block number and newest data are read by referring to an incremental counter of data having that logic block number. When data are stored in the random access area, the incremental counter and the logic block number of data already stored in the random access area are referred and a physical block set to be unnecessary is set to a writer buffer, and then the data are written to this write buffer.

Abstract: To be able to maintain compatibility of a plurality of data even when a hazard is caused in the midst of writing the plurality of related data, a first region stores physical block numbers #00H through #03H of physical blocks constituting a data region respectively in correspondence with logical block numbers %00H through %03H, for example, when a request of writing data is made to the logical blocks %00H and %02H, the data are respectively written to, for example, physical blocks #04H and #05H which are updating blocks for updating data in physical blocks constituting the data region and block numbers #04H and #05H of the physical blocks are stored to a second region respectively in correspondence with the logical blocks %00H and %02H.

Abstract: This invention relates to an information processing method and apparatus. A memory for storing information in block units, comprises a data region for storing data in block units and a first and a second region for storing plural block numbers which are numbers assigned to blocks in a data region. Data is written to a block of the data region corresponding to a block number stored in one of the first and second regions, the block number of the block to which data was written is stored in the other of the first and second regions, and the data in the one of the first and second regions is erased. In this way, there is less risk of memory corruption, and data can be read stably.

Abstract: An information distribution system includes a portable electronic device, and an information management apparatus for storing both right information and information which corresponds to the portable electronic device and which indicates to whom a right belongs.