Abstract: A high efficiency electrode consisting of an electrode plate having a top and a bottom. At least one saw-tooth opening is provided in the electrode plate. Each saw-tooth opening has a plurality of teeth extending upwardly toward the top of the electrode plate, the teeth being separated by v-shaped gaps. Bubbles travel quickly up the angled upslope of the teeth and are released when they reach an apex of each of the teeth.

Abstract: A system of carbonizing water as part of making a carbonized beverage. There is a housing to contain the pressurized bottle of carbon dioxide, and also to define a chamber to receive a container of water. A pressure regulating valve maintains the carbon dioxide discharged from the carbon dioxide container at a predetermined lower pressure and directs the carbon dioxide to a selectively operable pressurizing valve that directs the carbon dioxide through a discharge nozzle into the water in the water container. The water container is closed by a mounting plug that interconnects with a receptacle block that is operably connected to the pressurizing valve, and also operably connected to a venting valve which is selectively operated to vent the remaining pressurized carbon dioxide after the carbonizing has been completed.