Abstract: Computer implemented methods and systems generate an improved predicted model of an industrial process or process engineering system. The model is a function of measurable features of the subject process and selected first principle features. First principle features are selected that capture linearities in a residual of a linear model constructed using a received dataset of the subject process. The model can further be a function of a scaled spline. The scaled spline is generated by computing a spine for a measurable feature of the subject process, fitting the computer spline to the residual of the constructed linear model, and scaling the fitting spline with a scaling factor. The model results in improved predictions of behavior of the subject process by relying primarily on the data of the measurable features of the subject process.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods and systems incorporate physics-based and/or chemistry-based constraints into a model of a chemical, physical, or industrial process. The model is derived from a representative dataset of the subject process. The constrained model provides predictions of process behavior that are guaranteed to be consistent with incorporated constraints such as mass balances, atom balances, and/or energy balances while being less computationally intensive than equivalent first principle models. The constrained model can be constructed by matrix multiplication, namely multiplying the solution of an unconstrained linear model by a matrix that enforces the constraints. Improved process control models result, as well as improved process modeling and simulation models result.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods and systems generate an improved predicted model of an industrial process or process engineering system. The model is a function of measurable features of the subject process and selected first principle features. First principle features are selected that capture linearities in a residual of a linear model constructed using a received dataset of the subject process. The model can further be a function of a scaled spline. The scaled spline is generated by computing a spine for a measurable feature of the subject process, fitting the computer spline to the residual of the constructed linear model, and scaling the fitting spline with a scaling factor. The model results in improved predictions of behavior of the subject process by relying primarily on the data of the measurable features of the subject process.

Abstract: A zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst is provided that passivates nickel and vanadium during catalytic cracking. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst includes Y-faujasite crystallized in-situ from a metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst further includes an alumina-containing matrix obtained by calcination of a dispersible crystalline boehmite and a kaolin contained in the metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere, where the dispersible crystalline boehmite has a crystallite size of less than 500 ?. Also provided are a method of reducing contaminant coke and hydrogen yields and a method of catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feed stocks.

Abstract: Computer implemented methods and systems incorporate physics-based and/or chemistry-based constraints into a model of a chemical, physical, or industrial process. The model is derived from a representative dataset of the subject process. The constrained model provides predictions of process behavior that are guaranteed to be consistent with incorporated constraints such as mass balances, atom balances, and/or energy balances while being less computationally intensive than equivalent first principle models. The constrained model can be constructed by matrix multiplication, namely multiplying the solution of an unconstrained linear model by a matrix that enforces the constraints. Improved process control models result, as well as improved process modeling and simulation models result.

Abstract: A zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst is provided that passivates nickel and vanadium during catalytic cracking. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst includes Y-faujasite crystallized in-situ from a metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst further includes an alumina-containing matrix obtained by calcination of a dispersible crystalline boehmite and a kaolin contained in the metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere, where the dispersible crystalline boehmite has a crystallite size of less than 500 ?. Also provided are a method of reducing contaminant coke and hydrogen yields and a method of catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feed stocks.

Abstract: A zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst is provided that passivates nickel and vanadium during catalytic cracking. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst includes Y-faujasite crystallized in-situ from a metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst further includes an alumina-containing matrix obtained by calcination of a dispersible crystalline boehmite and a kaolin contained in the metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere, where the dispersible crystalline boehmite has a crystallite size of less than 500 ?. Also provided are a method of reducing contaminant coke and hydrogen yields and a method of catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feed stocks.

Abstract: A zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst is provided that passivates nickel and vanadium during catalytic cracking. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst includes Y-faujasite crystallized in-situ from a metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere. The zeolite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst further includes an alumina-containing matrix obtained by calcination of a dispersible crystalline boehmite and a kaolin contained in the metakaolin-containing calcined microsphere, where the dispersible crystalline boehmite has a crystallite size of less than 500 ?. Also provided are a method of reducing contaminant coke and hydrogen yields and a method of catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feed stocks.

Abstract: A process for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, wherein screens having different mesh sizes are used before and after surface postcrosslinking to remove the undersize (fines).

Abstract: A process for classifying water-absorbing polymer particles, wherein screens having different mesh sizes are used before and after surface postcrosslinking to remove the undersize (fines).