Abstract: An air pollution forecast management system including an air quality management device and an Internet of Things (IOT) cloud platform is disclosed. The air quality management device includes a dust particle sensing module being configured to sense gas exhausted from a smoke exhaust flue. The IoT cloud platform is configured to compute, at a second time after a first time, an exhaust gas set of the gas drifting from the first time to the second time by using current-observed meteorological data at the second time, receive a plurality of air-pollution sets at a plurality of geographic locations at the second time, compute a plurality of influencing results of the plurality of air-pollution sets respectively associated with the exhaust gas set, and generate a feedback instruction according to at least one of the plurality of influencing results to control gas emission of the smoke exhaust flue.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate and a semiconductor channel layer over the substrate. The semiconductor structure includes a high-k gate dielectric layer over the semiconductor channel layer, a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer, and a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer. The work function metal layer includes a first portion and a second portion over the first portion. Both the first portion and the second portion are conductive. Materials included in the second portion are also included in the first portion. The first portion is doped with silicon at a first dopant concentration, and the second portion is not doped with silicon or is doped with silicon at a second dopant concentration lower than the first dopant concentration.

Abstract: A package structure is provided. The package structure includes a through substrate via structure, a first stacked die package structure, an underfill layer, and a package layer. The through substrate via structure is formed over a substrate. The first stacked die package structure is over the through substrate via structure, wherein the first stacked die package structure comprises a plurality of memory dies. The underfill layer is over the first stacked die package structure. the package layer is over the underfill layer, wherein the package layer has a protruding portion that extends below a top surface of the through substrate via structure.

Abstract: A display may include an array of pixels. Each pixel in the array includes an organic light-emitting diode coupled to associated thin-film transistors. The diode may be coupled to drive transistor circuitry, a data loading transistor, and emission transistors. The drive transistor circuitry may include at least two transistor portions connected in series. The data loading transistor has a drain region connected to a data line and a source region connected directly to the drive transistor circuitry. The data line may be connected to and overlap the drain region of the data loading transistor. The data line and the source region of the data loading transistor are non-overlapping to reduce row-to-row crosstalk.

Abstract: A semiconductor package including one or more dam structures and the method of forming are provided. A semiconductor package may include an interposer, a semiconductor die bonded to a first side of the interposer, an encapsulant on the first side of the interposer encircling the semiconductor die, a substrate bonded to the a second side of the interposer, an underfill between the interposer and the substrate, and one or more of dam structures on the substrate. The one or more dam structures may be disposed adjacent respective corners of the interposer and may be in direct contact with the underfill. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the one or more of dam structures may be smaller than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the underfill.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second source/drain structures, a channel layer, a gate structure, and an epitaxial layer. The channel layer is above the first source/drain structure. The second source/drain structure is above the channel layer. The gate structure is on a first side surface of the channel layer. The epitaxial layer forms a P-N junction with a second side surface of the channel layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a substrate and a semiconductor channel layer over the substrate. The semiconductor structure includes a high-k gate dielectric layer over the semiconductor channel layer, a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer, and a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer. The work function metal layer includes a first portion and a second portion over the first portion. Both the first portion and the second portion are conductive. Materials included in the second portion are also included in the first portion. The first portion is doped with silicon at a first dopant concentration, and the second portion is not doped with silicon or is doped with silicon at a second dopant concentration lower than the first dopant concentration.

Abstract: A method includes providing a structure having a substrate and a channel layer over the substrate; forming a high-k gate dielectric layer over the channel layer; forming a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer; forming a silicide layer over the work function metal layer; annealing the structure such that a first portion of the work function metal layer that interfaces with the high-k gate dielectric layer is doped with silicon elements from the silicide layer; removing the silicide layer; and forming a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second source/drain structures, a channel layer, a gate structure, and an epitaxial layer. The channel layer is above the first source/drain structure. The second source/drain structure is above the channel layer. The gate structure is on a first side surface of the channel layer. The epitaxial layer forms a P-N junction with a second side surface of the channel layer.

Abstract: A method includes providing a structure having a substrate and a channel layer over the substrate; forming a high-k gate dielectric layer over the channel layer; forming a work function metal layer over the high-k gate dielectric layer; forming a silicide layer over the work function metal layer; annealing the structure such that a first portion of the work function metal layer that interfaces with the high-k gate dielectric layer is doped with silicon elements from the silicide layer; removing the silicide layer; and forming a bulk metal layer over the work function metal layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first source/drain structure, a channel layer, a second source/drain structure, a gate structure and an epitaxial layer. The channel layer is above the first source/drain structure. The second source/drain structure is above the channel layer. The gate structure is on opposite first and second sidewalls of the channel layer when viewed in a first cross-section taken along a first direction. The gate structure is also on a third sidewall of the channel layer but absent from a fourth sidewall of the channel layer when viewed in a second cross-section taken along a second direction different from the first direction. The epitaxial layer is on the fourth sidewall of the channel layer when viewed in the second cross-section and forming a P-N junction with the channel layer.

Abstract: In a method, a fin structure, in which first semiconductor layers and second semiconductor layers are alternately stacked, is formed. A sacrificial gate structure is formed over the fin structure. The first semiconductor layers are etched at a source/drain region of the fin structure, which is not covered by the sacrificial gate structure, thereby forming a first source/drain space in which the second semiconductor layers are exposed. A dielectric layer is formed at the first source/drain space, thereby covering the exposed second semiconductor layers. The dielectric layer and part of the second semiconductor layers are etched, thereby forming a second source/drain space. A source/drain epitaxial layer is formed in the second source/drain space. At least one of the second semiconductor layers is in contact with the source/drain epitaxial layer, and at least one of the second semiconductor layers is separated from the source/drain epitaxial layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes channel layers disposed over a substrate, a source/drain region disposed over the substrate, a gate dielectric layer disposed on and wrapping each of the channel layers, and a gate electrode layer disposed on the gate dielectric layer and wrapping each of the channel layers. Each of the channel layers includes a semiconductor wire made of a core region, and one or more shell regions. The core region has an approximately square-shape cross section and a first shell of the one or more shells forms a first shell region of an approximately rhombus-shape cross section around the core region and is connected to an adjacent first shell region corresponding to a neighboring semiconductor wire.

Abstract: In a method, a fin structure, in which first semiconductor layers and second semiconductor layers are alternately stacked, is formed. A sacrificial gate structure is formed over the fin structure. The first semiconductor layers are etched at a source/drain region of the fin structure, which is not covered by the sacrificial gate structure, thereby forming a first source/drain space in which the second semiconductor layers are exposed. A dielectric layer is formed at the first source/drain space, thereby covering the exposed second semiconductor layers. The dielectric layer and part of the second semiconductor layers are etched, thereby forming a second source/drain space. A source/drain epitaxial layer is formed in the second source/drain space. At least one of the second semiconductor layers is in contact with the source/drain epitaxial layer, and at least one of the second semiconductor layers is separated from the source/drain epitaxial layer.

Abstract: Semiconductor device structures are provided. The semiconductor device structure includes a number of first semiconductor wires over a semiconductor substrate, and the first semiconductor wires are vertically spaced apart from each other. The semiconductor device structure includes a first gate stack partially wrapping the first semiconductor wires, and a spacer element adjacent to the first gate stack. Each of the first semiconductor wires has a first portion directly below the spacer element and a second portion directly below the first gate stack, the first portion has a first width, the second portion has a second width, and the first width is greater than the second width.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes channel layers disposed over a substrate, a source/drain region disposed over the substrate, a gate dielectric layer disposed on and wrapping each of the channel layers, and a gate electrode layer disposed on the gate dielectric layer and wrapping each of the channel layers. Each of the channel layers includes a semiconductor wire made of a core region, and one or more shell regions. The core region has an approximately square-shape cross section and a first shell of the one or more shells forms a first shell region of an approximately rhombus-shape cross section around the core region and is connected to an adjacent first shell region corresponding to a neighboring semiconductor wire.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a plurality of first semiconductor layers interleaved with a plurality of second semiconductor layers. The first and second semiconductor layers have different material compositions. A dummy gate stack is formed over an uppermost first semiconductor layer. A first etching process is performed to remove portions of the second semiconductor layer that are not disposed below the dummy gate stack, thereby forming a plurality of voids. The first etching process has an etching selectivity between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. Thereafter, a second etching process is performed to enlarge the voids.