Abstract: A method of driving an LCD is provided, where adjacent bus lines are short-circuited during LCD driving operations. In certain example embodiments, an inverse driving technique is used to invert the polarity of a video signal at every one row for instance. In certain example embodiments, short-circuited adjacent data lines (source lines) are in communication with pixels of the same color.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display apparatus having a low resolution by utilizing a TFT substrate adapted for a high-definition liquid crystal display apparatus. The liquid crystal display apparatus having a low resolution is realized in an inexpensive way by using the TFT substrate adapted for a high-definition liquid crystal display apparatus and by combining a new color filter substrate and driver ICs suited to a new driving method, the new color filter substrate being formed such that one pixel group is formed by pixels of a color filter substrate wherein the number of pixels is the product of three by an integer.

Abstract: An inexpensive method of manufacturing an LCD having a low resolution by utilizing a TFT substrate may be provided. In certain embodiments, an LCD having a low resolution is realized in an inexpensive way by using the TFT substrate adapted for a high-definition liquid crystal display apparatus and by combining a new color filter substrate and/or driver ICs suited to a new driving method. In certain embodiments, the array of pixels is divided into a plurality of pixel groups. One or more of the pixel groups may have a number of different pixels therein defined by the equation: n×m×l, where “n” is the number of different colors, “m” is the number of columns (i.e., same as rows) of same colored pixels, and “l” is a natural number.

Abstract: The modified ink particle includes a main body; and a modified portion formed from a modifier on at least a part of a surface of the main body of the ink particle by vapor-depositing the vaporized modifier on the surface of the floating main body. With the arrangement, modified ink particles that have relatively small and homogeneous particle diameters and are suitable for color filters can be manufactured without charging the particles, by means of a simple device and operation, in a short time, and at low costs.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display apparatus having a low resolution by utilizing a TFT substrate adapted for a high-definition liquid crystal display apparatus. The liquid crystal display apparatus having a low resolution is realized in an inexpensive way by using the TFT substrate adapted for a high-definition liquid crystal display apparatus and by combining a new color filter substrate and driver ICs suited to a new driving method, the new color filter substrate being formed such that one pixel group is formed by pixels of a color filter substrate wherein the number of pixels is the product of three by an integer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: an array substrate; a counter substrate facing the array substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the array substrate and the counter substrate, wherein the array substrate includes: a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix in a display region; a plurality of gate lines; a plurality of source lines which cross the plurality of gate lines; an insulating layer provided between the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines; a plurality of switching elements respectively connected to respective ones of the plurality of the gate lines, the plurality of source lines, and the plurality of pixel electrodes; and a short ring, a plurality of first inspection signal voltage input terminals and a plurality of depletion-type thin film transistors (DTFT) provided in a peripheral region adjacent the display region, and wherein each of the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines is connected to the short ring via respectiv

Abstract: A thin film transistor where source and drain electrodes are film laminates including at least two layers. A first layer film of the laminate, which is formed to a thickness of 10 to 700 .ANG. is in ohmic contact with underlying semiconductor film. A second layer film, formed on the first layer film has a thickness of more than about 2000 .ANG. and is a material having a sufficient adhesion strength even when formed at a temperature which is less than the temperature corresponding to the materials vapor pressure. Further, the materials used for the source and drain electrodes can be formed into thin films by ordinary sputtering or vacuum deposition techniques, low in cost, and readily available.

Abstract: On an active matrix substrate having a TFT in the vicinity of the intersection of a gate line and a source line and a pixel electrode connected to the TFT, an inter-layer insulating film is formed by an acrylic resin, for example, between the pixel electrode and the gate line, source line and TFT. The pixel electrode does not overlap a self gate line, but overlaps a gate line adjacent to the self gate line. At least one of the gate line and the source line has a redundant structure including ring-shaped sections connected in a longitudinal direction so as to provide redundancy as a measure to counter the disconnection of lines.

Abstract: A transparent liquid crystal display device has an interlayer insulating film formed of a highly transparent, organic thin film having light condensing ability provided over a switching element, a gate signal line and a data signal line. As light condensing ability is provided within the interlayer insulating film with a pixel electrode formed of a transparent conductive film provided on said interlayer insulating film, the interlayer insulating film is not readily scarred and a polarizer can be readily stuck to the interlayer insulating film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus for conducting display in at least two types of display mode using a plurality of pixels arranged in columns and rows, includes: an active matrix substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix formed thereon; a counter substrate opposed to the active matrix substrate, the counter substrate having a first electrode means and a second electrode means; and a liquid crystal layer which is interposed the active matrix substrate and the counter substrate and includes a plurality of liquid crystal regions. The liquid crystal regions have viewing directions different from each other, the viewing directions being determined in accordance with orientations of liquid crystal molecules in the center of the respective liquid crystal regions.

Abstract: An insulated gate thin film transistor (TFT) comprises first and second insulating films, and a semiconductor film disposed thereon. The first insulating film is prepared with anodization. The second insulating film is prepared with CVD or sputtering. The semiconductor film is amorphous, or microcrystalline prepared with glow discharge.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor array has an insulating substrate; a plurality of thin-film transistors disposed in a matrix form on the substrate; a plurality of gate bus lines formed parallel to each other on the substrate, each of the gate bus lines being connected electrically with the gate electrodes of the thin-film transistors in the corresponding row of the matrix; and a plurality of source bus lines formed perpendicular to the gate bus lines on the substrate, each of the source bus lines being connected electrically with the source electrodes of the thin-film transistors in the corresponding column of the matrix; wherein at the intersections of the gate bus lines and the source bus lines, there is disposed a layered structure between the gate bus line and the source bus line, having successively a gate insulating film, a first semiconductor film, a protective insulating film, and a second semiconductor film which is connected electrically with the source intersections, wherein the width of the protective insu

Abstract: A liquid crystal active-matrix display device is disclosed in which the edge portion of each of the gate electrodes overlaps the edge portion of each of the picture element electrodes to form an additional capacitor. The gate electrodes are made of tantalum, and a first insulating film of tantalum pentoxide and a second insulating film of silicon nitride are disposed in a gap between each of the gate electrodes and each of the picture element electrodes. This thereby provides additional capacitors with a large capacity at a high yield, with little affect on other processes.

Abstract: A method for preparing display electrode layers in an electrochromic display device, comprises the steps of forming a transparent, conductive film on a substrate, forming an insulating film over the entire surface of the transparent, conductive film forming a mask at portions on the insulating film other than a display pattern and a lead-in electrode, removing the insulating film at the display pattern and the lead-in electrode, forming an electrochromic material layer over entire portions other than the lead-in electrode, and removing the mask formed on the insulating film. Preferably, an inorganic resist is used to form the mask at the portions on the insulating film.

Abstract: An electro-chromic display device comprises an electro-chromic material and an electrolyte between a display electrode formed by a combination of a plurality of segments, and counter electrode disposed opposite thereto, and undergoes a reversible reaction for developing or erasing a color upon application of voltage or reverse polarity voltage. The counter electrode comprises a molded product obtained by molding under pressure a mixture of the powders of a solid oxidation-reduction type active material and an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A driving technique is provided for an electro-optical display which includes an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display segments, combinations of the display segments each defining a different one of a desired number display patterns. The electrochromic phenomenon is developed within the electro-optical display upon a flow of current supplied through the display segments. In transition of a visual display from a specific display pattern to another, current is applied to only the one or more display segments which are not common to the two display patterns, while no current is supplied to the one or more display segments common to the two display patterns.

Abstract: A driving circuit is provided for an electro-optical display which includes an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display segments, various combinations of the display segments defining different desired display patterns. The electrochromic phenomenon is developed within the electro-optical display upon a flow of current supplied through the display segments. The driving circuit is so constructed as to supply a predetermined amount of the flow of current to the display segments, of which the current value is changed in accordance with the number of the display segments which change their display states.

Abstract: A driving circuit is provided for an electro-optical display which includes an electrochromic material and a predetermined number of display segments, various combinations of display segments defining different desired display patterns. The electrochromic phenomenon is developed within the electro-optical display upon a flow of current supplied through the display segments. The driving circuit is constructed so as to supply a predetermined amount of the flow of current to the display segments during variations of the light absorption properties.

Abstract: A first transparent conductive film is formed on a glass substrate. A second transparent conductive film is formed on the first transparent conductive film with intervention of a protective insulation film. The second transparent conductive film is electrically connected to the first transparent conductive film directly or through pin holes formed in the protective insulation film. An inorganic solid film which manifests the electrochromic phenomenon is formed on the second transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A transparent electrode is formed on a transparent substrate in a desired configuration. An electrochromic layer is formed on the entire surface of the transparent substrate inclusive of the surface of the transparent electrode. The electrochromic layer is initially placed in the coloration state. A back layer which exhibits color sensation different from that of the coloration state of the electrochromic layer is disposed above the electrochromic layer. A desired electrode is selected to bleach the electrochromic layer formed thereon, through which the back layer is recognized, thereby displaying a desired pattern in the negative type.