Abstract: A three-dimensional memory device includes an alternating stack of insulating layers and electrically conductive layers located over a semiconductor surface, a memory opening extending through the alternating stack, a semiconductor pedestal channel portion located at a bottom portion of the memory opening and contacting a top surface of the semiconductor surface, and a memory stack structure located in the memory opening and contacting a top surface of the pedestal channel portion. The memory stack structure includes a memory film and a vertical semiconductor channel located inside the memory film. A maximum lateral extent of the pedestal channel portion is greater than a maximum lateral dimension of an entire interface between the pedestal channel portion and the memory stack structure.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus includes: a light projection unit that is an array light source in which each of a plurality of light emission areas emits light, an optical scanning unit that performs scanning with the light, which is emitted from the light projection unit, in a first direction, and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light which is the light, with which the scanning is performed, being reflected by an object, and an object information acquiring unit that detects presence/absence of the object based on emission timing at which the light is emitted from the light projection unit and light receiving timing at which the light receiving unit receives the reflected light.

Abstract: An annular dielectric spacer can be formed at a level of a joint-level dielectric material layer between vertically neighboring pairs of alternating stacks of insulating layers and spacer material layers. After formation of a memory opening through multiple alternating stacks and formation of a memory film therein, an anisotropic etch can be performed to remove a horizontal bottom portion of the memory film. The annular dielectric spacer can protect underlying portions of the memory film during the anisotropic etch. In addition, a silicon nitride barrier may be employed to suppress hydrogen diffusion at an edge region of peripheral devices.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus includes: a light projection unit that is an array light source in which each of a plurality of light emission areas emits light, an optical scanning unit that performs scanning with the light, which is emitted from the light projection unit, in a first direction, and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light which is the light, with which the scanning is performed, being reflected by an object, and an object information acquiring unit that detects presence/absence of the object based on emission timing at which the light is emitted from the light projection unit and light receiving timing at which the light receiving unit receives the reflected light.

Abstract: An object detection device includes a light source unit that emits light toward an object positioned in a detection area, an optical deflector including a reflection surface to reflect light, which is emitted from the light source unit and reflected from the object, incident on the reflection surface, an optical system arranged on an optical path of the light reflected from the reflection surface, and a light-receiving unit configured to receive the light passed through the optical system. The optical system vignettes a part of one, which is incident on the reflection surface at a smaller incident angle than the other, of light reflected from the object in a first end portion of the detection area and light reflected from the object in a second end portion that is on the side opposite from the first end portion of the detection area.

Abstract: On a cross sectional surface X1 of a pump electrode 3 in a gas sensor element forming a gas sensor, a noble metal area 31 having Pt—Au aggregations, a solid electrolyte area 32 having solid electrolyte aggregations, a mixture area in which Pt—Au alloy and solid electrolyte are distributed, and pores 34. The mixture area 33 is formed within a range of 30 to 90% in an overall area of the cross sectional surface X1, excepting the pores 34. The pores are formed adjacent to the mixture area 33.

Abstract: The producing method includes: (I) providing an active energy ray curable resin composition for mold surface release treatment between a mold having uneven microstructure on its surface and a substrate, and after curing the resin composition by irradiation with an active energy ray, peeling off the substrate together with a cured article of the active energy ray curable resin composition from the surface of the mold, thereby performing a release treatment to the surface of the mold; and (II), after step (I), providing an active energy ray curable resin composition for shaping between the substrate and the mold, the surface of which has been treated by the release treatment, and after curing the resin composition by an active energy ray, peeling off the substrate together with a cured article of the active energy ray curable resin composition for shaping from the surface of the mold.

Abstract: An annular dielectric spacer can be formed at a level of a joint-level dielectric material layer between vertically neighboring pairs of alternating stacks of insulating layers and spacer material layers. After formation of a memory opening through multiple alternating stacks and formation of a memory film therein, an anisotropic etch can be performed to remove a horizontal bottom portion of the memory film. The annular dielectric spacer can protect underlying portions of the memory film during the anisotropic etch. In addition, a silicon nitride barrier may be employed to suppress hydrogen diffusion at an edge region of peripheral devices.

Abstract: An optical scanner includes a light source including a plurality of light emitting elements, a polygon mirror which deflects light from the light source for scanning a surface of a subject, an optical element arranged between the light source and the polygon mirror, having optical power in a sub scanning direction, a synchronous detector which detects the light deflected by the polygon mirror for synchronous detection and generates a signal for controlling a timing at which the scanning of the surface is started, and a fixing element which secures one end of the optical element. The light emitting elements of the light source are aligned with a certain tilt angle relative to the sub scanning direction. Light from one of the light emitting elements disposed closest to the fixing element in a main scanning direction is used for synchronous detection.

Abstract: This object of the invention is to provide an oil-in water emulsion cosmetic composition having fine sense of use and excellent dispersion stability, and does not occur twisting upon drying. In advance, a hydrophobicized powder is dispersed in an oil phase and processed with wet type disperser such as beads mill, dispersing solution is obtained. And then said dispersing solution and a water phase are processed with homomixer, an oil-in water emulsion composition having excellent sense of use and dispersibility of powder after applying to skin can be obtained. The dispersing stability of powder is extremely good by using a particular dispersant and a particular oil component. The dispersion stability of powder is further improved, and the precipitation and creaming of the emulsion particle can be solved by blending thickener having salt tolerance. Sticky feeling is solved by using succinoglycan as a thickener, and twisting is solved by plasticizing said succinoglycan.

Abstract: An object detector includes a projector including a light source having a two-dimensionally arranged plurality of light emitter groups, each of the light emitter groups having a plurality of light emitters, a light receiver which receives light emitted from the projector, and reflected by an object, and a light source driver which lights on and lights off each of the light emitter groups of the light source.

Abstract: A projection optical system includes a light source to emit light and an optical element including an incidence plane on which the light from the light source is incident and an emission plane having a plurality of flat planes to emit the light, wherein the plurality of flat planes includes a first inclination plane inclining in a direction of the light-emitting surface.

Abstract: An optical scanner includes a light source including a plurality of light emitting elements, a polygon mirror which deflects light from the light source for scanning a surface of a subject, an optical element arranged between the light source and the polygon mirror, having optical power in a sub scanning direction, a synchronous detector which detects the light deflected by the polygon mirror for synchronous detection and generates a signal for controlling a timing at which the scanning of the surface is started, and a fixing element which secures one end of the optical element. The light emitting elements of the light source are aligned with a certain tilt angle relative to the sub scanning direction. Light from one of the light emitting elements disposed closest to the fixing element in a main scanning direction is used for synchronous detection.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a mirror rotatable around a rotating shaft of the optical deflector, the mirror including a base made of metal and a reflective surface, the reflective surface being parallel to an axial direction of the rotating shaft of the mirror. The mirror has a length that is twice a length from a center of the rotating shaft to the reflective surface, which is shorter than a length of the reflective surface in the direction of the rotating shaft.

Abstract: A monolithic three-dimensional memory device includes a first alternating stack of first insulating layers and first electrically conductive layers located over a top surface of a substrate, an insulating cap layer overlying the first alternating stack, a second alternating stack of second insulating layers and second electrically conductive layers and overlying the insulating cap layer, memory openings extending through the second alternating stack, the insulating cap layer, and the first alternating stack, memory stack structures located within the memory openings, and annular spacers located within the insulating cap layer and laterally surrounding a respective one of the memory stack structures.

Abstract: An optical scanner is provided including a light source configured to emit light, a light source driving device configured to drive the light source, a light deflector having at least one rotating reflection plane and configured to deflect the light emitted from the light source to a scanning area, and a light detector configured to output a signal to control a timing at which scanning of the scanning area by the light deflected by the light deflector starts, where the light detector and the scanning area are sequentially scanned in a single scanning by one reflection plane of the light deflector, and the light source driving device drives the light source using a first driving method when the light scans the light detector, and drives the light source using a second driving method that is different from the first driving method when the light scans the scanning area.

Abstract: An object detector includes a projector including a light source having a two-dimensionally arranged plurality of light emitter groups, ach of the light emitter groups having a plurality of light emitters, a light receiver which receives light emitted from the projector, and reflected by an object, and a light source driver which lights on and lights off each of the light emitter groups of the light source.

Abstract: An object detector and a sensing apparatus are provided. The object detector includes a light source, a light deflector configured to deflect light emitted from the light source, and a photodetector configured to detect the light that is deflected by the light deflector and then is reflected at an object, where the light deflector includes a plurality of reflection planes that rotate on a rotation axis, the reflection planes are oblique to the rotation axis and are rotationally symmetrical about the rotation axis, and the light that is emitted from the light source enters the light deflector in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. The sensing apparatus includes the object detector, and a monitoring controller configured to determine whether an object is present, and obtain movement information of the object including at least one of moving direction and moving speed of the object.

Abstract: A method of forming a monolithic three-dimensional memory device includes forming a first alternating stack over a substrate, forming an insulating cap layer, forming a first memory opening through the insulating cap layer and the first alternating stack, forming a sacrificial pillar structure in the first memory opening, forming a second alternating stack, forming a second memory opening, forming an inter-stack memory opening, forming a memory film and a first semiconductor channel layer in the inter-stack memory opening, anisotropically etching a horizontal bottom portion of the memory film and the first semiconductor channel layer to expose the substrate at the bottom of the inter-stack memory opening such that damage to portions of the first semiconductor channel layer and the memory film located adjacent to the insulating cap layer is reduced or avoided, and forming a second semiconductor channel layer in contact with the exposed substrate in the inter-stack memory opening.

Abstract: An etch-stop annular spacer can be formed around a protruding portion of a sacrificial pillar structure that fills a lower memory opening through a first insulating cap layer and through an underlying first alternating stack of first insulating layers and first spacer layers. The etch-stop layer comprises a material that is different from the material of the sacrificial pillar structure. After formation of a second insulating cap layer, a second alternating stack of second insulating layers and second spacer layers can be formed over the sacrificial pillar structure. An upper memory opening is formed though the second alternating stack by an anisotropic etch that employs the etch-stop annular spacer as an etch stop. A memory opening is formed by removing the sacrificial pillar structure underneath the upper memory opening selective to the etch-stop annular spacer. A memory stack structure without a convex protrusion can be formed in the memory opening.