Abstract: A powertrain may include an input shaft; a drive pulley and a driven pulley engaged to each other by a belt; a forward/backward switching mechanism provided to selectively switch a direction of power from the input shaft to the drive pulley by a plurality of friction members and transmit the power; a gear train provided to transmit the power of the input shaft to a rotation shaft of the driven pulley without passing through the drive pulley; and another friction member provided to interrupt a power transmission path of the gear train.

Abstract: A powertrain may include an input shaft; a drive pulley and a driven pulley engaged to each other by a belt; a forward/backward switching mechanism provided to selectively switch a direction of power from the input shaft to the drive pulley by a plurality of friction members and transmit the power; a gear train provided to transmit the power of the input shaft to a rotation shaft of the driven pulley without passing through the drive pulley; and another friction member provided to interrupt a power transmission path of the gear train.

Abstract: A continuously variable powertrain for vehicles may include an input shaft, a planetary gear train connected to the input shaft, a first clutch disposed to selectively connect rotation elements of the planetary gear set, a drive pulley disposed to receive power from the input shaft through the planetary gear set, a driven pulley connected to the drive pulley by a belt, an output shaft disposed concentrically with an axis of rotation of the driven pulley, a gear train connected between the input shaft and the output shaft in an external gear form, a second clutch disposed to transmit power from the input shaft through the gear train to the output shaft, and a third clutch disposed to transmit power from the driven pulley to the output shaft.

Abstract: A continuously variable powertrain for vehicles may include an input shaft, a planetary gear train connected to the input shaft, a first clutch disposed to selectively connect rotation elements of the planetary gear set, a drive pulley disposed to receive power from the input shaft through the planetary gear set, a driven pulley connected to the drive pulley by a belt, an output shaft disposed concentrically with an axis of rotation of the driven pulley, a gear train connected between the input shaft and the output shaft in an external gear form, a second clutch disposed to transmit power from the input shaft through the gear train to the output shaft, and a third clutch disposed to transmit power from the driven pulley to the output shaft.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a technology which effectively absorbs a gear shifting impact by sequential fastening discs or plates to one another by a friction element. The friction element includes: a multi-plate disc set having discs and/or plates, and a fastening device having springs. In particular, the springs may start to be compressed from a spring having the smallest spring constant to a spring having a greater spring constant so as to sequentially fasten the discs and plates to one another so that the amount of a change in a stroke of a piston with respect to a change in an operation force of the piston is sequentially reduced.

Abstract: A lubricating apparatus for a differential device of vehicle may include a ring gear mounted in the inside of a housing mounted at an oil pan, the ring gear being provided such that at least a portion of a lower portion of the ring gear is submerged into oil to churn the oil by being rotated; and a gear casing including a partition wall which is provided to surround an outer peripheral surface of the ring gear and allows the oil to flow into between the partition wall itself and the ring gear and a restriction part which is located in a front of the ring gear and formed with a top end portion facing an upper portion of the housing to limit an amount of the oil flowing into between the partition wall and the ring gear.

Abstract: A lubricating apparatus for a differential device of vehicle may include a ring gear mounted in the inside of a housing mounted at an oil pan, the ring gear being provided such that at least a portion of a lower portion of the ring gear is submerged into oil to churn the oil by being rotated; and a gear casing including a partition wall which is provided to surround an outer peripheral surface of the ring gear and allows the oil to flow into between the partition wall itself and the ring gear and a restriction part which is located in a front of the ring gear and formed with a top end portion facing an upper portion of the housing to limit an amount of the oil flowing into between the partition wall and the ring gear.

Abstract: Provided is a micro-chip for diagnosis, including a unit process part located apart from a rotation center, which includes: a target substance capturing unit having a capture passage and a capturing means filling a capture passage; a sample storing unit connected to capture passage and giving an inner space in which a sample is stored; a washing buffer chamber connected to the capture passage and giving an inner space in which a washing buffer is stored; an elution buffer chamber connected to the capture passage and giving an inner space in which an elution buffer is stored; a reaction solution chamber giving a space in which a reaction solution required for a PCR process is stored; a discharge passage connected to the target substance capturing unit and the reaction solution chamber; a wasted solution chamber connected to the discharge passage; and a target substance chamber connected to the discharge passage.

Abstract: Provided is a micro-chip for diagnosis, including a unit process part located apart from a rotation center, which includes: a target substance capturing unit having a capture passage and a capturing means filling a capture passage; a sample storing unit connected to capture passage and giving an inner space in which a sample is stored; a washing buffer chamber connected to the capture passage and giving an inner space in which a washing buffer is stored; an elution buffer chamber connected to the capture passage and giving an inner space in which an elution buffer is stored; a reaction solution chamber giving a space in which a reaction solution required for a PCR process is stored; a discharge passage connected to the target substance capturing unit and the reaction solution chamber; a wasted solution chamber connected to the discharge passage; and a target substance chamber connected to the discharge passage.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus for a vehicle, may include a main shaft configured to receive torque of an engine, a subshaft disposed in parallel with and spaced apart from the main shaft, a reverse speed gear set having a reverse speed gear selectively connected to the main shaft, a first speed gear set having a first speed gear selectively connected to the subshaft, a second speed gear set having a second speed gear selectively connected to the subshaft, a variable shift apparatus engaged with the main shaft and the subshaft and continuously changing a ratio between rotation speeds of the main shaft and the subshaft so as to transmit torque of the main shaft to the subshaft, and an output gear set transmitting torque transmitted from the first speed gear or the second speed gear to a differential through a final reduction gear.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission may include a first planetary gear set outputting a negative rotation speed by using a rotation speed selectively input from the input shaft, a second planetary gear set outputting a reduced rotation speed by using the rotation speed selectively input from the input shaft or to selectively become a direct-coupling state together with the first planetary gear set, a compound planetary gear set having four rotation elements by combining third and fourth planetary gear sets, seven rotational members including two rotation elements connected to each other or one rotation element among the rotation elements of the first and second planetary gear sets and the compound planetary gear set, and six friction members including clutches, and brakes.

Abstract: Provided are a rotational PCR apparatus, a PCR chip for the same and a rotational PCR method using the same. The disclosed rotational PCR apparatus includes: a PCR chip where PCR is performed; a rotating means connected to the PCR chip and rotating the PCR chip; and a temperature zone forming means spaced apart from the PCR chip, capable of applying thermal energy to the PCR chip and allowing the rotating PCR chip to pass through different temperature zones. The rotational PCR apparatus and method allow performance of PCR with wanted temperature condition and cycles by rotating the chip containing the target substance. Accordingly, a high-efficiency PCR process may be accomplished at low cost. Further, since the target substance can be effectively separated and purified utilizing the centrifugal force resulting from the rotating platform, separation and purification may be achieved economically without requiring additional equipments.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission apparatus for a vehicle, may include a main shaft configured to receive torque of an engine, a subshaft disposed in parallel with and spaced apart from the main shaft, a reverse speed gear set having a reverse speed gear selectively connected to the main shaft, a first speed gear set having a first speed gear selectively connected to the subshaft, a second speed gear set having a second speed gear selectively connected to the subshaft, a variable shift apparatus engaged with the main shaft and the subshaft and continuously changing a ratio between rotation speeds of the main shaft and the subshaft so as to transmit torque of the main shaft to the subshaft, and an output gear set transmitting torque transmitted from the first speed gear or the second speed gear to a differential through a final reduction gear.

Abstract: A multi-stage automatic transmission in which planet gear mechanisms, external gears and friction elements are combined in order to realize nine forward gears and one rearward gear having excellent operating conditions for friction elements and superior shift range ratios, thereby achieving excellent power performance and fuel efficiency.

Abstract: A multi-stage automatic transmission in which planet gear mechanisms, external gears and friction elements are combined in order to realize nine forward gears and one rearward gear having excellent operating conditions for friction elements and superior shift range ratios, thereby achieving excellent power performance and fuel efficiency.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a first planetary gear set outputting a negative rotation speed by using a rotation speed input from the input shaft, a second planetary gear set converting the negative rotation speed into a positive rotation speed, a compound planetary gear set changing the rotation speed selectively input from the input shaft, the negative rotation speed and the positive rotation speed into nine forward speeds and one reverse speed, eight rotational members, and six friction members, and brakes interposed between a selected rotational member among the rotational members and a transmission housing.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic may include an input shaft, an output shaft, a first planetary gear set having a first, second and third rotation elements, the first selectively connected to the input shaft, a second planetary gear set having a fourth, fifth and sixth rotation elements, the fourth directly connected to the second rotation element and the fifth directly connected to the input shaft, a compound planetary gear set having seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth rotation elements, the seventh selectively receiving the speed of the input shaft from the fifth, the eighth selectively receiving increased speed from the sixth, the ninth directly connected to the output shaft, and the tenth selectively connected to the input shaft, eight rotation members consisting of at least one of the rotation elements and six friction members.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission may include an input shaft, an output gear, a first planetary gear set always outputting a negative rotation speed from a rotation speed input from the input shaft, a second planetary gear outputting the negative rotation speed input from the first planetary gear set or converting negative rotation speed into a positive rotation speed and outputting the positive rotation speed, a compound planetary gear set formed by third and fourth planetary gear sets and changing the rotation speed selectively through two paths and into nine forward speeds and one reverse speed, eight rotational members including two rotation elements connected to each other or one rotation element among the rotation elements of the first and second planetary gear sets and the compound planetary gear set, and a six friction members, and a transmission housing.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a first planetary gear set outputting a negative rotation speed by using a rotation speed input from the input shaft, a second planetary gear set converting the negative rotation speed into a positive rotation speed, a compound planetary gear set changing the rotation speed selectively input from the input shaft, the negative rotation speed and the positive rotation speed into nine forward speeds and one reverse speed, eight rotational members, and six friction members, and brakes interposed between a selected rotational member among the rotational members and a transmission housing.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission may include a first planetary gear set outputting a negative rotation speed by using a rotation speed selectively input from the input shaft, a second planetary gear set outputting a reduced rotation speed by using the rotation speed selectively input from the input shaft or to selectively become a direct-coupling state together with the first planetary gear set, a compound planetary gear set having four rotation elements by combining third and fourth planetary gear sets, seven rotational members including two rotation elements connected to each other or one rotation element among the rotation elements of the first and second planetary gear sets and the compound planetary gear set, and six friction members including clutches, and brakes.