Abstract: Embodiments of the present inventive concepts provide methods of forming an ultra-low-k dielectric layer and the ultra-low-k dielectric layer formed thereby. The method may include forming a first layer by supplying a precursor including silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen, performing a first ultraviolet process on the first layer to convert the first layer into a second layer, and performing a second ultraviolet process on the second layer under a process condition different from that of the first ultraviolet process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present inventive concepts provide methods of forming an ultra-low-k dielectric layer and the ultra-low-k dielectric layer formed thereby. The method may include forming a first layer by supplying a precursor including silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen, performing a first ultraviolet process on the first layer to convert the first layer into a second layer, and performing a second ultraviolet process on the second layer under a process condition different from that of the first ultraviolet process.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes first metal lines on a lower layer, a dielectric barrier layer provided on the lower layer to cover side and top surfaces of the first metal lines, an etch stop layer provided on the dielectric barrier layer to define gap regions between the first metal lines, an upper insulating layer on the etch stop layer, and a conductive via penetrating the upper insulating layer, the etch stop layer, and the dielectric barrier layer to contact a top surface of a first metal line. The etch stop layer includes first portions on the first metal lines and second portions between the first metal lines. The second portions of the etch stop layer are higher than the first portions.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes first metal lines on a lower layer, a dielectric barrier layer provided on the lower layer to cover side and top surfaces of the first metal lines, an etch stop layer provided on the dielectric barrier layer to define gap regions between the first metal lines, an upper insulating layer on the etch stop layer, and a conductive via penetrating the upper insulating layer, the etch stop layer, and the dielectric barrier layer to contact a top surface of a first metal line. The etch stop layer includes first portions on the first metal lines and second portions between the first metal lines. The second portions of the etch stop layer are higher than the first portions.

Abstract: A method of treating a porous dielectric layer includes preparing a substrate on which the porous dielectric layer including an opening and pores exposed by the opening is formed, supplying a first precursor onto the substrate to form a first sub-sealing layer sealing the exposed pores, and supplying a second precursor onto the first sub-sealing layer to form a second sub-sealing layer covering the first sub-sealing layer. Each of the first and second precursors includes silicon, and a molecular weight of the second precursor is smaller than that of the first precursor.

Abstract: A method of treating a porous dielectric layer includes preparing a substrate on which the porous dielectric layer including an opening and pores exposed by the opening is formed, supplying a first precursor onto the substrate to form a first sub-sealing layer sealing the exposed pores, and supplying a second precursor onto the first sub-sealing layer to form a second sub-sealing layer covering the first sub-sealing layer. Each of the first and second precursors includes silicon, and a molecular weight of the second precursor is smaller than that of the first precursor.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts provide semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same. The method includes forming an inter-metal dielectric layer including a plurality of dielectric layers on a substrate, forming a via-hole vertically penetrating the inter-metal dielectric layer and the substrate, providing carbon to at least one surface, such as a surface including carbon in the plurality of dielectric layers exposed by the via-hole, forming a via-dielectric layer covering an inner surface of the via-hole, and forming a through-electrode surrounded by the via-dielectric layer in the via-hole.

Abstract: The present inventive concepts provide semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same. The method includes forming an inter-metal dielectric layer including a plurality of dielectric layers on a substrate, forming a via-hole vertically penetrating the inter-metal dielectric layer and the substrate, providing carbon to at least one surface, such as a surface including carbon in the plurality of dielectric layers exposed by the via-hole, forming a via-dielectric layer covering an inner surface of the via-hole, and forming a through-electrode surrounded by the via-dielectric layer in the via-hole.