Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating and participating in a voice chat room subordinate to a message chat room is disclosed. The method for operating a voice chat room subordinate to a message chat room includes: managing, by a server, messages transmitted and received through the message chat room in which a first user and a second user participate; receiving, by the server, a request for creation of the voice chat room subordinate to the message chat room from the first user; creating, by the server, the voice chat room in response to the received request for creation of the voice chat room; providing, by the server, information that the voice chat room is being operated to the second user through the message chat room; providing, by the server, information that the voice chat room is being operated to the second user through a message chat room list.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a plurality of pixels, a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other, an insulating reflective layer disposed on the first electrode and the second electrode, and a plurality of light emitting elements disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the insulating reflective layer includes a plurality of first layers and the plurality of second layers having different refractive indexes, and the the plurality of first layers and the the plurality of second layers are alternately stacked with each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor memory device including a second lower insulating layer, a dummy stack on the second lower insulating layer, a source structure arranged at a same height as the second lower insulating layer, a cell stack on the source structure, a plurality of contact plugs passing through the dummy stack, and a dummy contact passing through a portion of the dummy stack and arranged between the contact plugs.

Abstract: A cell culture substrate including a substrate provided with a non-porous surface and a cell culture coating layer that covers at least a portion of the non-porous surface, wherein the cell culture coating layer is implemented such that particles formed of fusion proteins for culturing cells are aggregated to form at least a portion of the surface, the fusion proteins comprising functional peptides bound to mussel adhesive proteins. In particular, despite containing compounds such as proteins that are beneficial to culturing cells, the cell culture substrate can be stored at room temperature for a long period of time over several years, exhibiting excellent storage stability, while activities of such compounds that are beneficial to culturing of the cells remain unchanged or only suffer minimal degradation so that the cells can be cultured at an initially-designed level.

Abstract: Provided is a display device including a substrate including a display area including a plurality of pixel areas, and a non-display area outside the display area, a pixel circuit layer including a plurality of circuit elements in the display area, a display element layer including a plurality of light-emitting elements in the display area on the pixel circuit layer, and first and second alignment lines on the substrate, and each including a main line at the same layer as at least one electrode on the display element layer, and a sub line electrically connected to the main line and at the same layer as at least one electrode on the pixel circuit layer, wherein the first alignment line and the second alignment line do not include the main line in the non-display area, and include the sub line to be spaced apart from one edge of the substrate.

Abstract: An energy storage module includes: a cover member accommodating a plurality of battery cells in an internal receiving space, the battery cells being arranged in a first direction, each of the battery cells including a vent; a top plate coupled to a top of the cover member and including a duct corresponding to the vent of each of the battery cells; a top cover coupled to a top of the top plate and having a discharge opening corresponding to the duct; and an extinguisher sheet between the top cover and the top plate, the extinguisher sheet being configured to emit a fire extinguishing agent at a reference temperature.

Abstract: A battery management system includes a sensing circuit to acquire a state parameter of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series; and a control circuit to determine, for each battery cell, a first state of charge (SOC) change which is a difference between a first SOC at a first charge time and a second SOC at a second charge time by applying a SOC estimation algorithm to the state parameter acquired during charging. The control circuit determines a reference factor by applying a statistical algorithm to the first SOC changes of at least two of the plurality of battery cells. The control circuit detects an internal short circuit fault in each battery cell based on the first SOC change of each battery cell and the reference factor.

Abstract: Provided is an RF switch device and a method of manufacturing the same and, more particularly, to an RF switch device that improves the on-resistance (Ron) of the RF switch by including an integral or integrally formed P diode. The RF switch device includes a first active region on a first substrate as a first base, a second active region on the first substrate spaced apart from the first active region as a second base, and a gate electrode on the first active region and on the second active region.

Abstract: A display device includes a first electrode and a second electrode on a base layer; a first insulating layer on the first electrode and the second electrode; a bank on the first insulating layer; a light emitting element in an area surrounded by the bank; and a second insulating layer on the bank. The second insulating layer forms an opening exposing a surface of the bank.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including a plurality of unit light emitting areas; a first electrode and a second electrode in each of the unit light emitting areas of the first substrate; a first insulation layer exposing one region of each of the first electrode and the second electrode; a light emitting element on the first insulation layer and having a first end and a second end in a length direction; light conversion patterns adjacent to the light emitting element, covering a portion of an upper surface of the light emitting element, and exposing the first and second ends of the light emitting element; a first contact electrode on the first electrode and connecting the one region of the exposed first electrode and the first end of the light emitting element; and a second contact electrode on the second electrode.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor memory device and a manufacturing method thereof. The semiconductor memory device includes: a lower structure in which a cell region and a chip guard region are defined, wherein the cell region and the chip guard region are divided along a first direction; a first lower stack structure formed on the lower structure in the chip guard region, the first lower stack structure including a plurality of first lower material layers, the first lower stack structure including a first etch stop layer along an edge thereof; a first upper stack structure formed on the first lower stack structure in the chip guard region, the first upper stack structure including a plurality of first upper material layers; and a first slit penetrating the first upper stack structure to expose the first etch stop layer in the chip guard region.

Abstract: A sensing circuit of a display device includes a sensing line initialization circuit which substantially simultaneously initializes a first sensing line and a second sensing line in a first sub-sensing period of a sensing period, a first line selection switch which couples the first sensing line to a sensing channel in the first sub-sensing period, a second line selection switch which couples the second sensing line to the sensing channel in a second sub-sensing period of the sensing period, and the sensing channel which samples a first sensing voltage of the first sensing line in a first sampling period of the first sub-sensing period, and samples a second sensing voltage of the second sensing line in a second sampling period of the second sub-sensing period. The second sensing line is not initialized during a period from the first sampling period to the second sampling period.

Abstract: A display device comprises a pad electrode disposed on a substrate, a pad electrode upper layer disposed on the pad electrode, a first pad electrode capping layer disposed on the pad electrode upper layer, a second pad electrode capping layer disposed on the first pad electrode capping layer, a protective layer disposed on the second pad electrode capping layer, and a capping layers disposed on the protective layer. The protective layer comprises a polymer resin and scattering particles. The protective layer comprises a first pad opening exposing the second pad electrode capping layer.

Abstract: A display device includes, first and second electrodes on a substrate, a buffer layer covering the first and second electrodes, a light emitting element between the first and second electrodes a first contact electrode on the first electrode electrically contacting an end of the light emitting element, and a second contact electrode on the second electrode electrically contacting another end of the light emitting element, and an active layer on the buffer layer, and a first connection electrode electrically contacting at least one side of the active material layer the first and second contact electrodes, and the active material layer are on a same layer, and a thickness of the first electrode and a thickness of the second electrode is greater than about 800 nm.

Abstract: A display device includes: a plurality of pixel blocks each including a plurality of pixels; a scan driver supplying a scan signal to the scan lines and to supply a control signal to the control lines; a data driver supplying an image data voltage or a low grayscale data voltage to the data lines; and a power supply supplying a reference voltage to the pixels, wherein the pixels are configured to receive the image data voltage during a first scan period of a frame, and to receive the low grayscale data voltage during a second scan period of the frame, and the reference voltage supplied to a first pixel row of at least one of the pixel blocks in the first scan period is different from the reference voltage supplied to a last pixel row of at least one of the pixel blocks in the first scan period.

Abstract: An energy storage module includes: a plurality of battery cells arranged in a length direction; a plurality of insulation spacers; a cover member including an internal receiving space; a top plate coupled to a top of the cover member, the top plate including ducts respectively corresponding to vents of the battery cells and having opening holes respectively corresponding to the insulation spacers; a top cover coupled to a top of the top plate and having discharge holes respectively corresponding to the ducts; and an extinguisher sheet between the top cover and the top plate, the extinguisher sheet being configured to emit a fire extinguishing agent at a temperature exceeding a reference temperature, the top cover including protrusion parts on a bottom surface thereof, the protrusion parts covering an exhaust region and being coupled to an exterior of each of the ducts.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first memory block having a first block pitch; and a second memory block belonging to a same plane as the first memory block, the second memory block located closer to a plane edge than the first memory block, the plane edge being an edge of the plane, wherein the second memory block has a second block pitch that is larger than the first block pitch.

Abstract: An energy storage module includes: a plurality of battery cells arranged in a first direction such that long side surfaces of adjacent ones of the battery cells face one another; a plurality of insulation spacers, at least one of the insulation spacers being between each adjacent pair of the battery cells, each of the insulation spacers including a heat-insulating first sheet and a plurality of flame-retardant second sheets respectively adhered to opposite surfaces of the first sheet by an adhesion member; a cover member including an internal receiving space configured to accommodate the battery cells and the insulation spacers; a top plate coupled to the cover member, the top plate including ducts respectively corresponding to vents of the battery cells and having fire extinguishing agent openings respectively corresponding to the insulation spacers; a top cover coupled to the top plate and having discharge openings respectively corresponding to the ducts; and an extinguisher sheet between the top cover and

Abstract: An air conditioning system for electric vehicles reduces a thermal load endured by the air conditioning system using desiccant-coated heat exchangers and improves energy efficiency using waste heat resulting from cooling of an electronic device when the desiccant-coated heat exchanger is regenerated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electric power and thermal management system in which, when a shaft is rotated due to an operation of a power part, generation of electric power and a circulation of a fluid are performed together so that the generation of the electric power and a circulation structure of oil are integrated, and thus a layout can be reduced, and a structure can be simplified. In addition, in a state in which the generation of the electric power and the circulation structure of the oil are integrated, a circulation amount of the oil is adjusted according to an angle of an inclined plate constituting a pumping mechanism so that an oversupply of the oil to parts through which the oil is circulated can be prevented.