Abstract: A context hub receives and processes data from multiple sensors. An operation method of the context hub includes identifying a pattern of context data input to the context hub from at least one of the sensors, determining a dynamic voltage-frequency scaling (DVFS) level corresponding to the identified pattern of the context data, and processing, at the context hub, the context data by using a clock signal or a driving voltage corresponding to the determined DVFS level.

Abstract: An operating method of a storage device which includes a nonvolatile memory and a memory controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory, may include tracking a clock signal; entering a vendor mode of the storage device when the clock signal corresponds to a vendor pattern; and maintaining a normal mode of the storage device when the clock signal does not correspond to the vendor pattern, wherein, in the normal mode, a command received from an external host device is executed according to a first rule, and wherein, in the vendor mode, the command received from the external host device is executed according to a second rule different from the first rule.

Abstract: A management method for a memory system executes a first memory system management sequence upon determining that the memory system was normally powered off, and a second sequence upon determining that the memory system was abnormally powered off. The first sequence allows immediate execution of a program operation at a valid data page location extracted from stored metadata, while the second sequence allows execution of a program operation only after programming dummy data to at least one erroneous page.

Abstract: An operating method of a storage device which includes a nonvolatile memory and a memory controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory, may include tracking a clock signal; entering a vendor mode of the storage device when the clock signal corresponds to a vendor pattern; and maintaining a normal mode of the storage device when the clock signal does not correspond to the vendor pattern, wherein, in the normal mode, a command received from an external host device is executed according to a first rule, and wherein, in the vendor mode, the command received from the external host device is executed according to a second rule different from the first rule.

Abstract: A management method for a memory system executes a first memory system management sequence upon determining that the memory system was normally powered off, and a second sequence upon determining that the memory system was abnormally powered off. The first sequence allows immediate execution of a program operation at a valid data page location extracted from stored metadata, while the second sequence allows execution of a program operation only after programming dummy data to at least one erroneous page.