Abstract: A photoelectrode is provided. The photoelectrode includes a transparent substrate. The photoelectrode further includes a layer of crystalline hematite nanoparticles at least partially covering a surface of the transparent substrate. The photoelectrode further includes a phosphate ions (Pi) interfacial layer coated on a surface of the layer of crystalline hematite nanoparticles. The photoelectrode further includes a plurality of CoFe-Prussian blue analogues (CoFe-PBA) particles uniformly disposed on a surface of the phosphate (Pi) interfacial layer. Methods of making the photoelectrode and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to current sensing, in particular for a signal processing circuit (500) for outputting an output signal (Sout) based on an input signal (Sin). An output stage (101) includes an output transistor (102) driven, in use, by a drive signal. A current monitor (501) is configured to monitor, in use, a first current through the output transistor, wherein the current monitor comprises a current sensor (105) having a sense transistor (106) configured to be driven based on the drive signal so as to generate a sense current related to the first current. A compensation controller (301) receives an indication of signal level of the input signal and controllably varies operation of the current monitor (501) so as to at least partially compensate for signal-dependent variation in a relationship between the first current and the first sense current.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to circuitry comprising: digital circuitry configured to generate a digital output signal; and monitoring circuitry configured to monitor a supply voltage to the digital circuitry and to output a control signal for controlling operation of the digital circuitry, wherein the control signal is based on the supply voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to circuitry comprising: digital circuitry configured to generate a digital output signal; and monitoring circuitry configured to monitor a supply voltage to the digital circuitry and to output a control signal for controlling operation of the digital circuitry, wherein the control signal is based on the supply voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to circuitry comprising: pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuitry configured to generate a PWM output signal; and monitoring circuitry configured to monitor a supply voltage to the PWM circuitry and to output a control signal for controlling operation of the PWM circuitry, wherein the control signal is based on the supply voltage.

Abstract: This application relates to current sensing, in particular for a signal processing circuit (500) for outputting an output signal (Sout) based on an input signal (Sin). An output stage (101) includes an output transistor (102) driven, in use, by a drive signal. A current monitor (501) is configured to monitor, in use, a first current through the output transistor, wherein the current monitor comprises a current sensor (105) having a sense transistor (106) configured to be driven based on the drive signal so as to generate a sense current related to the first current. A compensation controller (301) receives an indication of signal level of the input signal and controllably varies operation of the current monitor (501) so as to at least partially compensate for signal-dependent variation in a relationship between the first current and the first sense current.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to circuitry comprising: digital circuitry configured to generate a digital output signal; and monitoring circuitry configured to monitor a supply voltage to the digital circuitry and to output a control signal for controlling operation of the digital circuitry, wherein the control signal is based on the supply voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to circuitry comprising: pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuitry configured to generate a PWM output signal; and monitoring circuitry configured to monitor a supply voltage to the PWM circuitry and to output a control signal for controlling operation of the PWM circuitry, wherein the control signal is based on the supply voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluency aid comprising: a pacing signal generator operable to output a signal for generating, at regular time intervals, an audible sound; and a controller operable, in response to a voice being detected by a voice detector, to control the pacing signal generator such that the output signal causes the audible sound to continue, stop or fade.

Abstract: According to one or more examples of the present disclosure there is provided a fluency aid comprising: an altered auditory feedback, AAF, generator operable to receive an input signal derived from speech of a user and to apply a predefined variation to the input signal in order to generate a feedback signal for providing altered auditory feedback to the user, wherein the AAF generator is further operable to automatically change a property of the variation that is applied to the input signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fluency aid comprising: a masking signal generator; a switch operable to switch the masking signal generator between an ON state and an OFF state, wherein, when in the ON state, the masking signal generator is operable to generate a masking signal; a sound generator operable to receive the masking signal from the masking signal generator and generate a masking sound for output to a user of the fluency aid; and a voice detector operable to detect a voice of the user, wherein the masking signal generator is operable to generate the masking signal at least until the voice of the user is detected by the voice detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluency aid comprising: a first microphone; a second microphone; and an altered auditory feedback, AAF, generator operable to receive a first input signal derived from sound detected by the first microphone and to generate a feedback signal for providing altered auditory feedback to a user of the fluency aid; wherein the fluency aid is configured such that a second input signal derived from sound detected by the second microphone bypasses the AAF generator.

Abstract: The present disclose provides a fluency aid comprising: a masking signal generator; a switch operable to switch the masking signal generator between an ON state and an OFF state, wherein, when in the ON state, the masking signal generator is operable to generate a masking signal; a sound generator operable to receive the masking signal from the masking signal generator and generate a masking sound for output to a user of the fluency aid; and a voice detector operable to detect a voice of the user, wherein the masking signal generator is operable to generate the masking signal at least until the voice of the user is detected by the voice detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluency aid comprising: a first microphone; a second microphone; and an altered auditory feedback, AAF, generator operable to receive a first input signal derived from sound detected by the first microphone and to generate a feedback signal for providing altered auditory feedback to a user of the fluency aid; wherein the fluency aid is configured such that a second input signal derived from sound detected by the second microphone bypasses the AAF generator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fluency aid comprising: a pacing signal generator operable to output a signal for generating, at regular time intervals, an audible sound; and a controller operable, in response to a voice being detected by a voice detector, to control the pacing signal generator such that the output signal causes the audible sound to continue, stop or fade.

Abstract: According to one or more examples of the present disclosure there is provided a fluency aid comprising: an altered auditory feedback, AAF, generator operable to receive an input signal derived from speech of a user and to apply a predefined variation to the input signal in order to generate a feedback signal for providing altered auditory feedback to the user, wherein the AAF generator is further operable to automatically change a property of the variation that is applied to the input signal.

Abstract: An amplifier power-down apparatus for suppressing transient signals in a circuit, for example an audio circuit, comprising a reference voltage generator circuit for generating a reference voltage. The reference voltage generator circuit comprises a capacitor for maintaining the reference voltage at a desired level. The amplifier power-down apparatus comprises a discharge control circuit for controlling the operation of the reference voltage generator circuit during power-down. The discharge control circuit comprises an amplifier with a positive feedback path for controlling a current flow from the capacitor during power-down.

Abstract: An amplifier start-up apparatus for reducing transient signals in a circuit, for example an audio circuit, comprising a reference voltage generator circuit for generating a reference voltage. The reference voltage generator circuit comprises a capacitor for maintaining the reference voltage at a desired level. The amplifier start-up apparatus comprises a control circuit for controlling the operation of the reference voltage generator circuit during power-up. The control circuit comprises an amplifier with a positive feedback path for controlling a current flow to the capacitor.

Abstract: A biasing circuit comprising a first switching device having a control terminal, and first and second switching terminals. The first switching terminal being connected to a supply voltage, the second switching terminal being connected through a first resistive element to ground, and the control terminal being supplied by a reference voltage which is determined depending on the mode of operation of the circuit. The circuit further comprising a first branch connected between the control terminal and ground comprising a second resistive element in series with a second switching device. The second switching device forming part of a first current mirror having a second branch for effecting a generated bias value. During a normal mode of operation the reference voltage is dependant on the generated bias value, whereas during a standby mode of operation the reference voltage is connected to a low potential.

Abstract: An amplifier start-up apparatus for reducing transient signals in an audio circuit including a reference voltage generator circuit for generating a reference voltage. The reference voltage generator circuit includes a capacitor for maintaining the reference voltage at a desired level. The amplifier start-up apparatus includes a charging control circuit for controlling the operation of the reference voltage generator circuit during power-up. The charging control circuit includes a switching device for controlling the charging of the capacitor, wherein the switching device is controlled by a pulsed signal. The pulsed signal is a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal in which the pulse width is proportional to the voltage level of the reference voltage being generated. The amplifier start-up apparatus can further be adapted to include a discharging control circuit for controlling the discharge of the capacitor during a power-down operation.