Abstract: An image of an object illuminated by illumination light having given intensity is formed as an optical image. The distance between respective points of the object is determined on the basis of a video which is obtained by acquiring the optical image with a given image pick-up gain. Here, either the intensity of the illumination light or the image pick-up gain is changed with time. The distribution of intensity of the image acquired by utilization of such intensity or image pick-up gain reflects a time lag between the time at which the illumination light is emitted from a light source and the time at which the light reflected from individual points of the object reaches an image pick-up device. The distribution of intensity includes information pertaining to the distance between the light source and the respective points of the object.

Abstract: An image of an object illuminated by illumination light having given intensity is formed as an optical image. The distance between respective points of the object is determined on the basis of a video which is obtained by acquiring the optical image with a given image pick-up gain. Here, either the intensity of the illumination light or the image pick-up gain is changed with time. The distribution of intensity of the image acquired by utilization of such intensity or image pick-up gain reflects a time lag between the time at which the illumination light is emitted from a light source and the time at which the light reflected from individual points of the object reaches an image pick-up device. The distribution of intensity includes information pertaining to the distance between the light source and the respective points of the object.

Abstract: An image of an object illuminated by illumination light having given intensity is formed as an optical image. The distance between respective points of the object is determined on the basis of a video which is obtained by acquiring the optical image with a given image pick-up gain. Here, either the intensity of the illumination light or the image pick-up gain is changed with time. The distribution of intensity of the image acquired by utilization of such intensity or image pick-up gain reflects a time lag between the time at which the illumination light is emitted from a light source and the time at which the light reflected from individual points of the object reaches an image pick-up device. The distribution of intensity includes information pertaining to the distance between the light source and the respective points of the object.

Abstract: Reflecting layers in first, second and third regions are separated from a reflecting layer in the surrounding region by a separating groove. The first region is folded in a valley shape from a substrate at a groove, the first region and the second region are folded in a valley shape at a groove, the third region is folded in a valley shape from the substrate at a groove, and the second region and the third region are folded in a mountain shape by a line.

Abstract: An upper reflecting layer in a main region, a first support region and a second support region is separated from an upper reflecting layer in the surrounding region by separating grooves. The first support region and the second support region are folded in a valley shape from a substrate at grooves, and the first support region, the second support region and the main region are folded in a mountain shape, and the upper reflecting layer in the main region faces parallel to the substrate with spacing.

Abstract: An upper reflecting layer in a main region, a first support region and a second support region is separated from an upper reflecting layer in the surrounding region by separating grooves. The first support region and the second support region are folded in a valley shape from a substrate at grooves, and the first support region, the second support region and the main region are folded in a mountain shape, and the upper reflecting layer in the main region faces parallel to the substrate with spacing.

Abstract: Reflecting layers in first, second and third regions are separated from a reflecting layer in the surrounding region by a separating groove. The first region is folded in a valley shape from a substrate at a groove, the first region and the second region are folded in a valley shape at a groove, the third region is folded in a valley shape from the substrate at a groove, and the second region and the third region are folded in a mountain shape by a line.