Abstract: Accuracy of a model extracting a graph structure as an intermediate representation from input data is improved. An encoding unit (100) extracts a feature amount of each of a plurality of vertices included in a graph structure (Tr) from input data (10), and calculates a likelihood that an edge is connected to the vertex. A sampling unit (130) determines the graph structure (Tr) based on a conversion result of a Gumbel-Softmax function for the likelihood. A learning unit (150) optimizes a decoding unit (140) and the encoding unit (100) by back propagation using a loss function including an error (LP) between output data (20) generated from the graph structure (Tr) and correct data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roaster/roasting machine for roasting an edible plant such as coffee beans. This roaster/roasting machine comprises a roasting chamber for containing a substance to be roasted, the roasting chamber being made of a carbon material (graphite, CC composite, etc.). Thus, the roaster/roasting machine can utilize far-infrared rays for roasting with a simple structure. A roaster comprising an open top container body and a closure member may be used for home roasting. A roasting machine comprising a drum-shaped roasting chamber may be a professional roasting machine. The present invention can be applied to any of a direct-, semi-hot air-, and hot air-heating type roaster/roasting machine. Also disclosed is a method for roasting beans such as coffee beans, the method comprising contacting beans with a heated graphite.

Abstract: A temperature reduction control for reducing the temperature of an injector is performed through first to third fuel supply control routines executed by an electronic control device. When the temperature of the injector is reduced by the execution of the temperature reduction control, heat transfer to the vicinity of the nozzle of the injector is reduced. Since the vicinity of the nozzle of the injector is less likely to be placed in a high-temperature environment by in accordance with reduction in heat transfer to the vicinity of the nozzle of the injector, the formation of deposit around the nozzle of the injector is suppressed.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including detecting, when refueling with an alcohol fuel is performed, a refueling amount of the alcohol fuel based on a signal transmitted from a sender gauge, increasing DI ratio r that is a ratio between a fuel injection amount from an in-cylinder injector and a fuel injection amount from an intake passage injector, according to the refueling amount of the alcohol fuel, such that the ratio of the fuel injection amount from the in-cylinder injector is higher, and retarding the ignition timing according to the refueling amount of the alcohol fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a plurality of banks; each having a cylinder provided to said banks comprising: an intake valve provided between said cylinder and an intake manifold a camshaft opening and closing said intake valve by means of mechanical power of said internal combustion engine; and a changing unit changing, according to an operating state of said internal combustion engine a phase angle of said camshaft said phase angle corresponding to a closing timing of said intake valve said banks differing from each other in most retarded phase angle changed by said changing unit.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a plurality of banks; each having a cylinder provided to said banks comprising: an intake valve provided between said cylinder and an intake manifold a camshaft opening and closing said intake valve by means of mechanical power of said internal combustion engine; and a changing unit changing, according to an operating state of said internal combustion engine a phase angle of said camshaft said phase angle corresponding to a closing timing of said intake valve said banks differing from each other in most retarded phase angle changed by said changing unit.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including detecting, when refueling with an alcohol fuel is performed, a refueling amount of the alcohol fuel based on a signal transmitted from a sender gauge, increasing DI ratio r that is a ratio between a fuel injection amount from an in-cylinder injector and a fuel injection amount from an intake passage injector, according to the refueling amount of the alcohol fuel, such that the ratio of the fuel injection amount from the in-cylinder injector is higher, and retarding the ignition timing according to the refueling amount of the alcohol fuel.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: detecting a fuel pressure in a high-pressure fuel system (S130) if a lock-up clutch is not in a released state (NO at S100) and if a tip end temperature of an in-cylinder injector is equal to or lower than a temperature threshold value (NO at S120); calculating fuel pressure lowering ?P as a result of fuel injection from the in-cylinder injector (S140); calculating fuel shortage amount ?Q corresponding to fuel pressure lowering shortage (S170) if ?P is smaller than a fuel pressure threshold (YES at S150); and injecting fuel from an intake manifold injector in an amount obtained by adding ?Q to an amount of fuel injection from the intake manifold injector of a cylinder (S180).

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: detecting a fuel pressure in a high-pressure fuel system (S130) if a lock-up clutch is not in a released state (NO at S100) and if a tip end temperature of an in-cylinder injector is equal to or lower than a temperature threshold value (NO at S120); calculating fuel pressure lowering ?P as a result of fuel injection from the in-cylinder injector (S140); calculating fuel shortage amount ?Q corresponding to fuel pressure lowering shortage (S170) if ?P is smaller than a fuel pressure threshold (YES at S150); and injecting fuel from an intake manifold injector in an amount obtained by adding ?Q to an amount of fuel injection from the intake manifold injector of a cylinder (S180).