Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially excellent method for removing lead that is high in removal effect of lead, capable of implementing the removal even in small facilities and of suppressing capital investment cost. A material to be treated selected from the group consisting of a pure metal and an alloy is heated to obtain a melt. The melt is contacted with at least one of a metal halide and a metal oxyhalide to remove lead in the material to be treated.

Abstract: So as to provide a network service that allows a specific service to be provided and received safely for both the user and service provider, a service provider providing a user identification file that is installed in a client computer used by a user whose user eligibility is confirmed in advance. Upon request for access from the client computer, the service provider checks for the presence of a user identification file residing in the client computer in the browser screen and provides a specific service only for access requests from the client computer confirmed to have user identification files. User identification files have no effects on pre-installed programs of the client computer when they are installed and are equipped with computer identification symbols whose presence can be checked in the browser screen.

Abstract: So as to provide a network service that allows a specific service to be provided and received safely for both the user and service provider, a service provider providing a user identification file that is installed in a client computer used by a user whose user eligibility is confirmed in advance. Upon request for access from the client computer, the service provider checks for the presence of a user identification file residing in the client computer in the browser screen and provides a specific service only for access requests from the client computer confirmed to have user identification files. User identification files have no effects on pre-installed programs of the client computer when they are installed and are equipped with computer identification symbols whose presence can be checked in the browser screen.