Abstract: An operational amplifier circuit is constituted by first and second inverted amplifier circuits (A1, A2) that receive first and second input signals, a third inverted amplifier circuit (A3) that receives an estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the first inverted amplifier circuit and outputs first and second output signals, a fourth inverted amplifier circuit (A4) that receives the estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the second inverted amplifier circuit and outputs third and fourth output signals, where the estimated common-mode output signal is generated by adding the second output signal and the fourth output signal, and first and second non-inverted amplifier circuits (A5, A6) that receive the estimated common-mode output signal and feed it back to the first and second inverted amplifier circuits.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier device controlled by a first gain control signal comprises a gain controlled amplifier having a gain and including a differential pair of first and second MOS type transistors configured to operate in a weak inversion region; and a control signal converter configured to convert the first gain control signal into a second gain control signal, and supply the second gain control signal to the gain controlled amplifier to exponentially vary the gain with respect to the first gain control signal.

Abstract: An operational amplifier circuit is constituted by first and second inverted amplifier circuits (A1, A2) that receive first and second input signals, a third inverted amplifier circuit (A3) that receives an estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the first inverted amplifier circuit and outputs first and second output signals, a fourth inverted amplifier circuit (A4) that receives the estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the second inverted amplifier circuit and outputs third and fourth output signals, where the estimated common-mode output signal is generated by adding the second output signal and the fourth output signal, and first and second non-inverted amplifier circuits (A5, A6) that receive the estimated common-mode output signal and feed it back to the first and second inverted amplifier circuits.

Abstract: An operational amplifier circuit is constituted by first and second inverted amplifier circuits (A1, A2) that receive first and second input signals, a third inverted amplifier circuit (A3) that receives an estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the first inverted amplifier circuit and outputs first and second output signals, a fourth inverted amplifier circuit (A4) that receives the estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the second inverted amplifier circuit and outputs third and fourth output signals, where the estimated common-mode output signal is generated by adding the second output signal and the fourth output signal, and first and second non-inverted amplifier circuits (A5, A6) that receive the estimated common-mode output signal and feed it back to the first and second inverted amplifier circuits.

Abstract: An operational amplifier circuit is constituted by first and second inverted amplifier circuits (A1, A2) that receive first and second input signals, a third inverted amplifier circuit (A3) that receives an estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the first inverted amplifier circuit and outputs first and second output signals, a fourth inverted amplifier circuit (A4) that receives the estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the second inverted amplifier circuit and outputs third and fourth output signals, where the estimated common-mode output signal is generated by adding the second output signal and the fourth output signal, and first and second non-inverted amplifier circuits (A5, A6) that receive the estimated common-mode output signal and feed it back to the first and second inverted amplifier circuits.

Abstract: A multiple input AD conversion apparatus includes a first unit AD converter including a plurality of first conversion stages connected in cascade to convert a first analog input signal to a first digital output signal, a second unit AD converter including a plurality of second conversion stages connected in cascade to convert a second analog input signal to a second digital output signal, and an operational amplifier shared between the first conversion stage and the second conversion stage in a time sharing.

Abstract: In a master block, the exponential conversion characteristic is determined on the basis of a common mode reference voltage and a reference voltage. In a slave block, the exponential conversion characteristic determined with the master block is used to create a control voltage and a gain control signal on the basis of a common mode reference voltage and a reference voltage. For example, a gain of the variable gain amplifier is controlled by using this gain control signal.

Abstract: A frequency converter comprising a variable gain amplifier which amplifies the local oscillation signal according to a gain control signal and outputs an amplified local signal, an even harmonic mixer which is supplied with an input signal and an amplified local oscillation signal and outputs an output signal whose frequency is a sum of a first frequency of the input signal and a second frequency of two or more even numbered times a frequency of the amplified local oscillation signal, an amplitude detector which is supplied with the amplified local oscillation signal and outputs a direct current signal having an amplitude corresponding to an amplitude of the amplified local oscillation signal, and a comparator which compares the direct current signal of the amplitude detector with the reference direct current signal to generate an output signal as the gain control signal.

Abstract: An operational amplifier circuit is constituted by first and second inverted amplifier circuits (A1, A2) that receive first and second input signals, a third inverted amplifier circuit (A3) that receives an estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the first inverted amplifier circuit and outputs first and second output signals, a fourth inverted amplifier circuit (A4) that receives the estimated common-mode output signal and an output signal from the second inverted amplifier circuit and outputs third and fourth output signals, where the estimated common-mode output signal is generated by adding the second output signal and the fourth output signal, and first and second non-inverted amplifier circuits (A5, A6) that receive the estimated common-mode output signal and feed it back to the first and second inverted amplifier circuits.

Abstract: In a master block, the exponential conversion characteristic is determined on the basis of a common mode reference voltage and a reference voltage. In a slave block, the exponential conversion characteristic determined with the master block is used to create a control voltage and a gain control signal on the basis of a common mode reference voltage and a reference voltage. For example, a gain of the variable gain amplifier is controlled by using this gain control signal.

Abstract: In a master block, the exponential conversion characteristic is determined on the basis of a common mode reference voltage and a reference voltage. In a slave block, the exponential conversion characteristic determined with the master block is used to create a control voltage and a gain control signal on the basis of a common mode reference voltage and a reference voltage. For example, a gain of the variable gain amplifier is controlled by using this gain control signal.

Abstract: A frequency converter comprising a variable gain amplifier which amplifies the local oscillation signal according to a gain control signal and outputs an amplified local signal, an even harmonic mixer which is supplied with an input signal and an amplified local oscillation signal and outputs an output signal whose frequency is a sum of a first frequency of the input signal and a second frequency of two or more even numbered times a frequency of the amplified local oscillation signal, an amplitude detector which is supplied with the amplified local oscillation signal and outputs a direct current signal having an amplitude corresponding to an amplitude of the amplified local oscillation signal, and a comparator which compares the direct current signal of the amplitude detector with the reference direct current signal to generate an output signal as the gain control signal.

Abstract: A variable resolution analog-to-digital converter includes a sample-and-hold circuit including a plurality of sample-and-hold units which are connected in parallel and selectively activated corresponding to a required resolution to sample and hold an analog input signal, a plurality of conversion stages connected in cascade to an output of the sample-and-hold circuit to convert an output signal of the sample-and-hold circuit to a plurality of bit signals, and a synthesis circuit to synthesize the bit signals, to generate a digital output signal.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet includes a steel sheet, an Al—Zn-base alloy plating layer formed on the steel sheet, a chemical conversion film provided on the alloy plating layer, and a concentric layer of a Cr compound that is formed on the alloy plating layer of the chemical conversion film. The surface-treated steel sheet may include a steel sheet, an zinc-base plating layer formed on the steel sheet, and a film that contains chromium and calcium and that is formed on the zinc-base plating layer.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing coated steel sheet has the steps of: immersing a steel sheet in a hot-dip coating bath to form an Al—Zn base coating layer containing 20 to 95 mass % Al on the steel sheet, forming a passivated layer on the coating layer; and applying thermal history to the coating layer. The thermal history is applied immediately after the steel sheet left the hot-dip coating bath or in a temperature range of from T(° C.) between 130° C. and 300° C. to 100° C.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier comprises a main amplifier circuit whose gain is controllable and which amplifies a difference signal between an input signal and a feedback signal, a feedback amplifier circuit whose gain is controllable and which amplifies an output signal of the main amplifier circuit, and a gain control circuit which complementarily control the gain of the main amplifier circuit and the gain of the feedback amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A coated steel sheet having excellent corrosion resistance comprises: a zinc or a zinc alloy plated steel sheet or an aluminum or an aluminum alloy plated steel sheet; a composite oxide coating formed on the surface of the plated steel sheet; and an organic coating formed on the composite oxide coating. The composite oxide coating contains a fine particle oxide and a phosphoric acid and/or a phosphoric acid compound. The organic coating has thickness of from 0.1 to 5 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A receiver having a function of a direct current offset, and including a receiving section for receiving a radio frequency signal, an analog signal processing section for amplifying, band-converting and frequency-converting an analog signal inputted from the receiving section, and an AD converting section for converting an output of the analog signal processing section from an analog signal to a digital signal. Also included is a digital signal processing section for processing the digital signal converted by the DC converting section.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier comprises a main amplifier circuit whose gain is controllable and which amplifies a difference signal between an input signal and a feedback signal, a feedback amplifier circuit whose gain is controllable and which amplifies an output signal of the main amplifier circuit, and a gain control circuit which complementarily control the gain of the main amplifier circuit and the gain of the feedback amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A frequency converter comprising a variable gain amplifier which amplifies the local oscillation signal according to a gain control signal and outputs an amplified local signal, an even harmonic mixer which is supplied with an input signal and an amplified local oscillation signal and outputs an output signal whose frequency is a sum of a first frequency of the input signal and a second frequency of two or more even numbered times a frequency of the amplified local oscillation signal, an amplitude detector which is supplied with the amplified local oscillation signal and outputs a direct current signal having an amplitude corresponding to an amplitude of the amplified local oscillation signal, and a comparator which compares the direct current signal of the amplitude detector with the reference direct current signal to generate an output signal as the gain control signal.