Abstract: A gas detector, which has a memory function for detected data, such as the quantity of decomposed SF.sub.6 gas, is for always watching whether electric discharging in the gas-insulated substation occurs or not, and comprises the laminated layers having a detecting electrode, a first conductive solid electrolyte, a polarization electrode, a second conductive solid electrolyte and a reference electrode.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thin-film solar battery comprising a plurality of photo-electric power generating elements connected in series. It comprises a process of arranging two or more photoelectric power generating elements each including a junction electrode, back electrode, semiconductive layer, light-permeable electrode, (and current collecting electrode) laminated in this order on an insulative and light-permeable substrate and a process of irradiating a laser beam from the substrate side to the junction electrode of one of adjacent photoelectric power generating elements to melt the junction electrode and to connect the back electrode of one of the adjacent photo-electric power generating elements and the light-permeable electrode (or current collecting electrode) of the other of the adjacent photoelectric power generating elements with the coagulation of the melt.

Abstract: In this invention a unitary amorphous photovoltaic cell is first formed, the unitary amorphous photovoltaic cell is subsequently cut into sections each including at least one digitated collector, thereby to form individual amorphous photovoltaic cells, and lastly the digitated collector of each individual amorphous photovoltaic cell and the exposed narrow portions of a lower electrode of the adjacent individual amosphous photovoltaic cell are connected in electrical series.

Abstract: An electroplating method is disclosed and includes the rotation of a substrate, submerged within an electrolytic solution, under the application of ultrasonic waves, and the ejection of the electrolytic solution containing bubbles in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the substrate. The electroplating apparatus for electroplating the substrate submerged within the electrolytic solution disposed within an electrolytic cell applies ultrasonic waves to the solution and additionally includes a driving device for rotating the substrate, a bubble generator for entraining bubbles within the electrolytic solution, and an ejector for ejecting the electrolytic solution containing the bubbles generated by means of the bubble generator in a direction which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the substrate.