Abstract: A cutting apparatus cuts a lateral wall of a manhole to form a hole on the lateral wall of the manhole. A circular pipe is harmonized with a main pipe and fixedly disposed therein. A rotary ring configured so as to be able to rotate along the periphery of an opening in the manhole about the axial center of the main pipe is mounted on the circular pipe. A pressurized fluid material or pressurized granular material is sprayed from a nozzle held in the rotary ring. The rotary ring is rotated and the lateral wall of the manhole is cut through along the periphery of the opening in the manhole by the fluid material or granular material sprayed from the nozzle. Since the cut portion is shaped as a circle symmetrical about the axial center of the main pipe, it is possible to form a circularly shaped cut-through part centered along the periphery of the opening in the manhole without accidentally breaking or damaging the lateral wall thereof.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus cuts a lateral wall of a manhole to form a hole on the lateral wall of the manhole. A circular pipe is harmonized with a main pipe and fixedly disposed therein. A rotary ring configured so as to be able to rotate along the periphery of an opening in the manhole about the axial center of the main pipe is mounted on the circular pipe. A pressurized fluid material or pressurized granular material is sprayed from a nozzle held in the rotary ring. The rotary ring is rotated and the lateral wall of the manhole is cut through along the periphery of the opening in the manhole by the fluid material or granular material sprayed from the nozzle. Since the cut portion is shaped as a circle symmetrical about the axial center of the main pipe, it is possible to form a circularly shaped cut-through part centered along the periphery of the opening in the manhole without accidentally breaking or damaging the lateral wall thereof.

Abstract: From work computer 2, a user makes a reservation in server computer 4 to use work computer 3. The personal verification information and digital signature issued are stored in mobile media 5. This mobile media 5 is then carried and attached to work computer 3. After work computer 3 has completed verification of the user through the personal verification information and digital signature stored in mobile media 5, the same computer environment that was present when that user used work computer 2 is provided.

Abstract: A personal commercial bank system includes: a database system (1, 2) having data containing a broadcasting time, a broadcasting channel number, and a sponsor name of an advertisement program; and a video recording apparatus (7) having a video recording unit (5) which receives, as a reception signal, a broadcast signal containing a broadcast content and an advertisement content and which records the reception signal. The video recording unit has a communication unit (3) which communicates with the database system. The video recording unit receives, from the database system via the communication unit, the broadcasting time and the broadcasting channel number of the advertisement program to be recorded. Thereafter, the video recording unit records, in accordance with the broadcasting time and the channel number of the advertisement program to be recorded, the advertisement content corresponding to the advertisement program to be recorded.

Abstract: From work computer 2, a user makes a reservation in server computer 4 to use work computer 3. The personal verification information and digital signature issued are stored in mobile media 5. This mobile media 5 is then carried and attached to work computer 3. After work computer 3 has completed verification of the user through the personal verification information and digital signature stored in mobile media 5, the same computer environment that was present when that user used work computer 2 is provided.

Abstract: A content rental system is disclosed, that comprises a content producer for producing a content, a rental business server, disposed in a store managed by a rental business operator, for recording the content produced by the content producer and downloading the content to a record medium corresponding to a command issued by a customer, and a reproducing device, disposed in the house of the customer, for reproducing the content from the record medium.

Abstract: A cable television broadcasting system has a set top box having a function of selecting a charging system among a plurality of charging systems depending on the viewing type for a chargeable program. If the viewer allows an advertisement program to be displayed during display of the chargeable program, the fee is lowered. If the viewer clicks the icon for the advertisement program to display the advertisement program, if the viewer makes an access to the advertisement data through the internet, and if the viewer buys a commodity through the internet, then the fee is stepwise lowered. The sponsors of the advertisements pay sponsor fees depending on the access frequency by the viewers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image scanner, which has: a reflecting mirror for reflecting a light reflected from a scanned manuscript in a predetermined direction; a sub-scanning means for sequential sub-scanning which parallel moves on a plane which has an acute angle to the surface of the scanned manuscript while keeping the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror perpendicular to the surface of the scanned manuscript; a focusing lens which focuses the light reflected from the scanned manuscript which is reflected by the reflecting mirror; and an one-dimensional image sensor which outputs a manuscript image by conducting a photoelectric conversion of the light reflected by the reflecting mirror which is focused on a light-receiving surface of the one-dimensional image sensor by the focusing lens.

Abstract: An optical antenna pointing controller for an optical antenna system having an optical antenna and biaxial gimbal mechanism coupled to the optical antenna and mounted on the satellite is provided. Feedback control in the controller is gain-stabilized by a nominal compensator, and disturbance is suppressed by a robust compensator, further, a target satellite is captured quickly with the aid of a reference model and feedforward, thus providing quick response without dependency on the band width of feedback control system.

Abstract: A head positioning system includes a calculating circuit for outputting a signal u.sub.k corresponding to an equilibrium of a step motor for driving a head on the basis of a position error of the head detected at each sampling time. The calculating circuit includes a first calculator for calculating a temporary equilibrium u".sub.k on the basis of a position error, a memory for storing u.sub.k-1 to u.sub.k-N at respective sampling times, a predictor for calculating a predicted value u'.sub.k and an average value u'".sub.k in accordance with outputs from the first calculator and the memory, a comparator for comparing u'.sub.k with u".sub.k to check if they satisfy certain conditions, outputting u".sub.k as u.sub.k to a step motor driver when the conditions are satisfied, and outputting u'".sub.k as u.sub.

Abstract: A track-following control system for a magnetic disk drive according to the present invention includes a magnetic disk, a magnetic head, a position error signal generator, a controller, and a stepping motor. One or more track position signals indicating a position of a track are recorded in the magnetic disk in numbers of sectors. The magnetic head writes and reads out normal data in and from the magnetic disk, and reads out the track position signal from the magnetic disk in the same manner. The position error signal generator generates a position error signal indicating a position error between the magnetic head and the track based on a track position signal. The controller calculates intra-sector errors by calculating an average position error of each sector and a desired number of estimated position errors of the corresponding sector by interpolation.

Abstract: A head positioning system capable of positioning a magnetic head at the center line of a target track of a floppy disk at high speed, in which a positioning controller prepositions the magnetic head within a predetermined distance from the center line of the target track based on a position error signal indicating the deviation of the magnetic head from the center line of the target track. A positioning compensation controller generates a compensation signal whose frequency is twice the disk rotational frequency so that the positioning compensation controller positions the magnetic head at the center line of the target track. A switching compensation controller connected to the positioning compensation controller enables the compensation signal to equal the output of the initial positioning controller during the prepositioning operation.

Abstract: A head positioning system for driving a magnetic disk from its current track to a target track in the radial direction of a magnetic disk. The positioning system employs a closed loop servo system including a compensation digital filter for generating a compensation signal whose frequency is synchronized with a higher frequency component of the track eccentricity. The system is effective in positioning the magnetic head at the center line of a target track with a high degree of accuracy even if the track is eccentric and in increasing the track density of the disk.