Abstract: A compound represented by Formula (1) below or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound represented by Formula (1) or (3). wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom; a C1-6 alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and —OR5; a C2-6 alkyl group having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —NR6R7 and —N+R9R10R11; or —(CH2CH2O)nR8; wherein R4 is a C1-6 alkyl group having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and —OR5; a C2-6 alkyl group having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —NR6R7 and —N+R9R10R11, or —(CH2CH2O)nR8; wherein R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-3 alkyl group; and n is an integer of 2 to 5.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, R2 represents a hydroxyalkyl group, or a triarylmethyloxyalkyl group, or R1 and R2 combine together to represent —C(R3)(R4)— (R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or hydroxyl group, or R3 and R4 may combine together to represent oxo group), or —C(R5)(R6)—O—C(R7)(R8)— (R5 to R8 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or hydroxyl group, or R5 and R6 may combine together to represent oxo group, and R7 and R8 may combine together to represent oxo group); Ar1 to Ar4 independently represent an aryl group (the aryl group may have 1 to 5 of the same or different substituents), *1 to *4 indicate asymmetric carbons, and configurations are cis between *1 and *2, cis between *3 and *4, and trans between *2 and *3]. An optically active phosphine ligand which can be easily synthesized and gives a transition metal complex showing superior asymmetric catalyst activity is provided.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I): [wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, R2 represents a hydroxyalkyl group, or a triarylmethyloxyalkyl group, or R1 and R2 combine together to represent —C(R3)(R4)— (R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or hydroxyl group, or R3 and R4 may combine together to represent oxo group), or —C(R5)(R6)—O—C(R7)(R8)— (R5 to R8 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or hydroxyl group, or R5 and R6 may combine together to represent oxo group, and R7 and R8 may combine together to represent oxo group); Ar1 to Ar4 independently represent an aryl group (the aryl group may have 1 to 5 of the same or different substituents), *1 to *4 indicate asymmetric carbons, and configurations are cis between *1 and *2, cis between *3 and *4, and trans between *2 and *3]. An optically active phosphine ligand which can be easily synthesized and gives a transition metal complex showing superior asymmetric catalyst activity is provided.

Abstract: An inquiry respondinq apparatus receives an inquiry and stores a response to the inquiry in a first database. The apparatus determines whether or not the first database can be searched for the response to the inquiry, and when it is determined that the first database can be searched for the response to the inquiry, and when it is determined that the first database can be searched, a search for the response is performed. However, when it is determined that the first database cannot be searched, the apparatus transmits the inquiry to an external information processing device, and the apparatus receives a response to the inquiry which is transmitted from the external information processing device. Then, one of the response obtained by searching the first database and the response received from the external device is displayed on a display.

Abstract: An inquiry responding apparatus includes a receiving means for receiving an inquiry, a first database for storing a response to the inquiry, a determining means for determining whether or not said first database can be searched for the response to the inquiry, a searching means for searching said first database for the response to the inquiry when the determining means determines that said first database can be searched, a transmitting means for transmitting the inquiry to an external information processing device when said determining means determines that said first database cannot be searched, a second receiving means for receiving a response to the inquiry which is transmitted from the external information processing device, a displaying means for displaying one of the response obtained by said searching means and the response received by the second receiving means.