Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a wiring electrode and an independent gap electrode without wiring formed on a substrate, and an insulating film formed on the wiring and gap electrodes. A first display electrode, an outer second display electrode, and an inner second display electrode are formed on the insulating film and are electrically connected to the wiring electrode or the gap electrode via respective contact regions provided in the insulating film. The first display electrode overlaps with an edge portion of the gap electrode through intermediation of the insulating film. The outer second display electrode and the inner second display electrode each overlap with another edge portion of the gap electrode through intermediation of the insulating film. By such a construction, the wiring electrode is prevented from being visible or from having portions thereof being half-lit.

Abstract: A color filter substrate has unit pixels each having an area of 0.1 mm2 or more. Each unit pixel is formed of sub-pixels having a different color from one another and having areas that are substantially equal to one another. Each sub-pixel is formed of a continuous planar region having a maximum line width that does not exceed 150 ?m. The sub-pixels are configured with a shape such that the sub-pixels form a preselected engagement pattern via which the adjacent sub-pixels engage one another.

Abstract: A conductivity measuring apparatus includes a probe base having a pair of electrodes disposed on respective opposite surfaces of a portion of the probe base. Observing and grasping probes are supported by the probe base in a cantilever state and are arranged adjancent to and spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance. The grasping probe has a pair of electrodes disposed on respective opposite surfaces of a portion of the grasping probe confronting the portion of the probe base. A voltage apparatus applies a voltage between the pairs of electrodes on the probe base and the grasping probe to adjust the predetermined distance between the grasping and observing probes. A movement mechanism moves a sample base and the observing and grasping probes relative to each other to bring conductive tips of the observing and grasping probes into contact with respective contact points on a sample supported on the sample base.

Abstract: To prevent a wiring electrode from being visible or prevent a part of the wiring electrode from being half-lit, a wiring electrode (4) and an independent gap electrode (5) without wiring are formed, an insulating film (6) is formed thereon, and a display electrode (7), an outer second display electrode (8a), and an inner second display electrode (8b) are formed thereon. The display electrode (7), the outer second display electrode (8a), and the inner second display electrode (8b) are electrically connected to the wiring electrode (4) or the gap electrode (5) via respective contact regions provided in the insulating film (6). The display electrode (7) is formed so as to overlap with an edge portion of the gap electrode (5) through intermediation of the insulating film (6). Further, the outer second display electrode (8a) and the inner second display electrode (8b) are each formed so as to overlap with another edge portion of the gap electrode (5) through intermediation of the insulating film (6).

Abstract: In a color filter substrate (1) in which unit pixels (2), each of which is formed of sub-pixels (3) of a plurality of colors, are arranged two-dimensionally in matrix, when an area of each of the unit pixels (2) exceeds 0.1 mm2, a viewer has not been able to recognize additive color mixture of the sub-pixels (3), and display quality of the color filter substrate (1) has been decreased. In view of this, a configuration is adopted, in which such a plurality of the sub-pixels (3) have areas substantially equal to each other or one another, and each of the sub-pixels (3) has a continuous planar shape in which a line width does not exceed 150 ?m, the shape engaging with a sub-pixel (3) adjacent thereto.

Abstract: Provided is a color filter substrate in which satisfactory planarity at any portion on a black matrix is materialized. In a color filter substrate used in the present invention, a planarizing layer is formed so as to cover a light shielding layer (12) having a black matrix (41) and colored layers. The colored layers are partitioned into shapes corresponding to the shape of the black matrix (41), edges of the respective partitioned colored layers (16R, 16G, and 16B) overlap the light shielding layer (12), the edges have spaced portions (43) formed therebetween so that the edges are distance from each other, and the planarizing layer is formed over the light shielding layer (12) so as to fill the spaced portions (43).

Abstract: To brighten a screen of a liquid crystal display device in the case of reflection type display and increase the planarity of a color filter substrate surface to improve a display quality. The liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a reflective film formed between a colored layer of a color filter and a liquid crystal layer to thereby prevent an incident light in the case of reflection type display from passing through the colored layer. A color display is available in the case of transmission type display, and a black-and-white display is available in the case of reflection type display; an image formed with light not passing through the colored layer is viewed in the case of reflection type display to thereby ensure a brightness in the case of reflection type display. In addition, the reflective film can be formed to be thin and therefore the planarity of the color filter substrate surface can be improved.

Abstract: To provide a semi-transmissive type color liquid crystal display device that is capable of realizing high color reproducibility as well as increase in reflection brightness upon light transmission and upon light reflection. In display pixel elements of a color filter substrate used in the semi-transmissive type color liquid crystal display device, a color filter layer formed on a reflection part is thin and a color filter layer formed on a transmission part is thick, and a thickness of a metallic reflective film formed on the reflection part is set to 0.2 ?m or more. Further, the color layer filter at the transmission part and the color layer filter at the reflection part are formed at the same time, and a continuous color filter layer is obtained.

Abstract: To provide a semi-transmissive type color liquid crystal display device that is capable of realizing high color reproducibility as well as increase in reflection brightness upon light transmission and upon light reflection. In display pixel elements of a color filter substrate used in the semi-transmissive type color liquid crystal display device, a color filter layer formed on a reflection part is thin and a color filter layer formed on a transmission part is thick, and a thickness of a metallic reflective film formed on the reflection part is set to 0.2 ?m or more. Further, the color layer filter at the transmission part and the color layer filter at the reflection part are formed at the same time, and a continuous color filter layer is obtained.

Abstract: The quality of a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is improved. Thus, in a liquid crystal display device in the present invention, in the case of multi-screen drive with divided signal electrodes, wiring electrodes are formed on a first electrode on which plural signal electrodes are formed, and an insulating layer is formed on portions except connecting regions on the wiring electrodes. Further, the wiring electrodes and the signal electrodes are electrically connected with each other in the connecting regions in which the insulating layer is not formed.

Abstract: To provide a semi-transmissive type color liquid crystal display device that is capable of realizing high color reproducibility as well as increase in reflection brightness upon light transmission and upon light reflection. In display pixel elements of a color filter substrate used in the semi-transmissive type color liquid crystal display device, a color filter layer formed on a reflection part is thin and a color filter layer formed on a transmission part is thick, and a thickness of a metallic reflective film formed on the reflection part is set to 0.2 &mgr;m or more. Further, the color layer filter at the transmission part and the color layer filter at the reflection part are formed at the same time, and a continuous color filter layer is obtained.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display device has a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and a light scattering liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second transparent substrates. A solar cell is disposed on the second transparent substrate. A portion of the solar cell comprises an active element for driving the light scattering liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is constructed to include: a light modulation layer having a light scattering state changed when a voltage is applied between electrode faces; at least one kind of color separation layer arranged at the back of the liquid crystal; and a reflection layer arranged at the back of the color separation layer. The light modulation layer is a polymer network type polymer scattered liquid crystal layer or a phase conversion type liquid crystal layer, and the color separation mirror is a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer layer or a dielectric multi-layered thin film characterized to reflect a light within a predetermined wavelength range in the visible light region selectively. A reflection preventing layer and an ultraviolet ray cut-off layer are further arranged on the surfaces of the electrode faces.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a transparent first substrate having formed thereon a transparent electrode, a first filter having a first color, and a second filte having a second color. A second substrate is disposed opposite and spaced-apart from the first substrate. A reflection layer is disposed on the second substrate. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is disposed between the transparent electrode and the reflection layer and is formed by exposure to an ultraviolet ray in a preselected wavelength range. A ratio of a transmissivity of the first filter for the ultraviolet ray to a transmissivity of the second filter for the ultraviolet ray is 3.0 or less.

Abstract: The present invention discloses color pattern manufacturing method comprising the steps of forming a conductive film having an arbitrary pattern on a substrate, forming a colored layer on the conductive film by electrodeposition, and forming a method film having an arbitrary pattern on the colored layer to shield undesirable light transmittance through between the arbitrary patterns of the colored layer, so that the color filter having high quality is made by remarkably simple process.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates having electrodes, a light scattering type liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates, a reflection layer disposed over a rear surface of the light scattering type liquid crystal layer, and a light absorbing layer disposed over a rear surface of the reflection layer for absorbing a light passed through the reflection layer. The light scattering type liquid crystal layer changes into a scattering state or a transparent state in accordance with a change in a voltage level between the electrodes, and transmits 60% or more of incident light irrespective of the change in the voltage level between the electrodes. The reflection layer has a reflectivity within a range of 10 to 50% for reflecting a forward scattered light passed through the light scattering type liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: This invention allows the high image quality multicolor liquid crystal display to be manufactured by a simple method in which color filters are applied by patterning an insulating resist on a plurality of electrodes formed on a substrate, by forming color filters one after another by way of electro- deposition and by patterning a light shielding substance at gaps of the color filters by utilizing the color filter as masks.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a color filter comprises forming first transparent electrodes on a substrate. Colored layers are then formed on the first transparent electrodes followed by second transparent electrodes being formed over the colored layers. Thereafter, predetermined portions of the colored layers and the second transparent electrodes are removed by, for example, a laser such that gaps exist between the colored layers. Finally, a light shielding film is formed in a lattice pattern over the second transparent electrodes and in the gaps between the colored layers. By removing selected portions of the colored layers and the second transparent electrodes prior to forming the light shielding film, a color filter is provided with a lattice-shaped light shielding film which can be used in color liquid crystal display devices employing thin film transistors.

Abstract: A color electrooptical device is disclosed wherein an active matrix substrate and a color filter substrate face each other and are disposed spaced apart a predetermined distance. A plurality of color filters are formed on the color filter substrate. A protection film is formed on the color filter substrate and on the color filters. The protection film is capable of adhering to the color filters and to a transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film is formed on the protection film. A metal film is formed on the transparent conductive film which is effective for decreasing the resistivity of the transparent conductive film. A liquid crystal is sealed between the active matrix substrate and the color filter substrate and a plurality of switching elements are formed on the active matrix substrate. The metal film comprises a light blocking chromium film etched into a grid shape.

Abstract: A color electrooptical device includes a color filter substrate and a transparent substrate being spaced apart and facing each other. The color filter substrate has a color filter layer and a transparent electrode pattern and the transparent substrate has a transparent electrode pattern. Liquid crystal material is sealed between the two substrates through a sealing portion. A non-driving transparent electrode is interposed between the sealing portion and the color filter substrate and a non-driving transparent electrode is interposed between the sealing portion and the transparent substrate to provide and maintain a uniform cell gap between the two substrates. A method of manufacturing the color electrooptical device is also disclosed.