Abstract: A spot welding method includes a heating step of energizing an electrode in pressure contact with an Al alloy member to heat and melt a join part by resistance heating and a cooling step of cooling the join part after the heating step in a state in which the electrode is in pressure contact with the Al alloy member. The alloy is a wrought alloy of Mg: 0.2 to 1.2 mass %, Si: 0.4 to 1.5%, and Cu: 1.1% or less or a casting alloy of Si: 7 to 11% and Mg: 0.1 to 0.4% with respect to 100% as a whole. The cooling step includes a first cooling process performed with a reduced amount of input energy to the join part as compared with the heating step and a second cooling process performed after the first cooling process at a higher cooling rate than that in the first cooling process.

Abstract: In a motor lock determination device (1), a lock determination on an electric motor (7) is performed such that: a first detection value (PI), which is a detection value (P) of a refrigerant pressure sensor (17) during a stop of an electric fan (5), is detected, and a second detection value (P2), which is a detection value (P) of the refrigerant pressure sensor (17) after the electric fan (5) is driven for a first predetermined time (?), is detected; when the second detection value (P2) is equal to the first detection value (PI) or more than the first detection value (PI), it is determined that a motor lock occurs; and when the second detection value (P2) is less than the first detection value (PI), it is determined that no motor lock occurs.

Abstract: In a motor lock determination device (1), a lock determination on an electric motor (7) is performed such that: a first detection value (PI), which is a detection value (P) of a refrigerant pressure sensor (17) during a stop of an electric fan (5), is detected, and a second detection value (P2), which is a detection value (P) of the refrigerant pressure sensor (17) after the electric fan (5) is driven for a first predetermined time (?), is detected; when the second detection value (P2) is equal to the first detection value (PI) or more than the first detection value (PI), it is determined that a motor lock occurs; and when the second detection value (P2) is less than the first detection value (PI), it is determined that no motor lock occurs.

Abstract: In a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, a water jacket in which coolant is circulated is formed around cylinder bores. In the cylinder block, an introduction passage, through which the coolant is introduced from the outside of the water jacket to the inside of the water jacket, is formed. A spacer, which extends along at least a portion of the periphery of the cylinder bores is provided in the water jacket. The spacer is disposed such that the inner wall surface of the spacer contacts the outer wall surfaces of the cylinder bores in an opening-side area of the cylinder block, where an opening of the introduction passage is formed, and the inner wall surface of the spacer does not contact the outer wall surfaces of the cylinder bores in an opposite opening-side area opposite to the opening-side area with respect to the cylinder bores.

Abstract: A production method of a water jacket spacer for use in a cylinder block with a water jacket formed around plural cylinder bores. The method comprises the fist step of integrally forming a tubular spacer body with a peripheral wall and a connecting bridge by way of synthetic resin molding so that corresponding regions of the peripheral wall are connected to each other via the connecting bridge, and the second step of cooling the tubular spacer body, with the connecting bridge fixed thereto, to prevent deformation of the tubular spacer body during the cooling process, and the third step of removing the connecting bridge from the tubular spacer body.

Abstract: In a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, a water jacket in which coolant is circulated is formed around cylinder bores. In the cylinder block, an introduction passage, through which the coolant is introduced from the outside of the water jacket to the inside of the water jacket, is formed. A spacer, which extends along at least a portion of the periphery of the cylinder bores is provided in the water jacket. The spacer is disposed such that the inner wall surface of the spacer contacts the outer wall surfaces of the cylinder bores in an opening-side area of the cylinder block, where an opening of the introduction passage is formed, and the inner wall surface of the spacer does not contact the outer wall surfaces of the cylinder bores in an opposite opening-side area opposite to the opening-side area with respect to the cylinder bores.

Abstract: A cooling structure for uniformly cooling a bore wall of a cylinder block using a cooling medium, the bore wall surrounding plural bore regions, includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall, and which is supplied with the cooling medium; a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion; a passage through which the cooling medium in a portion of an inter-bore region is transferred to another portion of the inter-bore region, the inter-bore region being positioned in a vicinity of a boundary between the bore regions adjacent to each other; and a flow promotion device which increases a flow rate of the cooling medium flowing in the passage.

Abstract: A cooling structure for uniformly cooling a bore wall of a cylinder block using a cooling medium, the bore wall surrounding plural bore regions, includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall, and which is supplied with the cooling medium; and a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion such that a space is provided between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer. The cylinder block includes an inter-bore region which is positioned in a vicinity of a boundary between the bore regions adjacent to each other, and a region other than the inter-bore region; and a cross sectional area of the space between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer in the inter-bore region is smaller than a cross sectional area of the space between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer in the region other than the inter-bore region.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a cylinder block includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall; a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion; and a gasket which is provided in an upper portion of the cylinder block, and which includes a hole leading to the water jacket portion. The water jacket portion is supplied with coolant. A distance between a center of the hole and an outer periphery of the cylinder block is shorter than a distance between a center of the water jacket spacer in a thickness direction and the outer periphery of the cylinder block. In the cooling structure, the cylinder block can be uniformly cooled.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a cylinder block includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of a bore wall; and a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion. A foreign matter collecting mechanism which collects foreign matter is provided in a bottom portion of the water jacket portion.

Abstract: A cooling structure for uniformly cooling a bore wall of a cylinder block using a cooling medium, the bore wall surrounding plural bore regions, includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall, and which is supplied with the cooling medium; and a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion such that a space is provided between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer. The cylinder block includes an inter-bore region which is positioned in a vicinity of a boundary between the bore regions adjacent to each other, and a region other than the inter-bore region; and a cross sectional area of the space between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer in the inter-bore region is smaller than a cross sectional area of the space between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer in the region other than the inter-bore region.

Abstract: A cooling structure for uniformly cooling a bore wall of a cylinder block using a cooling medium, the bore wall surrounding plural bore regions, includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall, and which is supplied with the cooling medium; a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion; a passage through which the cooling medium in a portion of an inter-bore region is transferred to another portion of the inter-bore region, the inter-bore region being positioned in a vicinity of a boundary between the bore regions adjacent to each other; and a flow promotion device which increases a flow rate of the cooling medium flowing in the passage.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a cylinder block includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of a bore wall; and a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion. A foreign matter collecting mechanism which collects foreign matter is provided in a bottom portion of the water jacket portion.

Abstract: A cooling structure of a cylinder block includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall; a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion; and a gasket which is provided in an upper portion of the cylinder block, and which includes a hole leading to the water jacket portion. The water jacket portion is supplied with coolant. A distance between a center of the hole and an outer periphery of the cylinder block is shorter than a distance between a center of the water jacket spacer in a thickness direction and the outer periphery of the cylinder block. In the cooling structure, the cylinder block can be uniformly cooled.

Abstract: A production method of a water jacket spacer for use in a cylinder block with a water jacket formed around plural cylinder bores. The method comprises the fist step of integrally forming a tubular spacer body with a peripheral wall and a connecting bridge by way of synthetic resin molding so that corresponding regions of the peripheral wall are connected to each other via the connecting bridge, and the second step of cooling the tubular spacer body, with the connecting bridge fixed thereto, to prevent deformation of the tubular spacer body during the cooling process, and the third step of removing the connecting bridge from the tubular spacer body.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes an insert that is deformable, and a surface of the insert opposing a cylinder bore wall is close to the cylinder bore wall after the insert is inserted into a water jacket. A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block having a water jacket in which an insert is disposed; the cylinder block is machined so that a water hole or an aperture having a size corresponding to a size of the insert is formed in the cylinder block and the insert can be inserted into the water jacket through the water hole or the aperture.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes a closed deck-type cylinder block and an insert. The cylinder block includes a water jacket and an upper deck including a water hole formed therein. The insert is disposed in the water jacket and inserted into the water jacket through the water hole. The insert is fixed relative to the cylinder block at a water hole portion such that the insert is fixed in position in a flow direction of the cooling water. A stopper for preventing the insert from moving downstream in a flow direction of the cooling water may be formed, and the insert engages the stopper such that the insert is fixed in position in the flow direction of the cooling water.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes a closed deck-type cylinder block and an insert. The cylinder block includes a water jacket and an upper deck including a water hole formed therein. The insert is disposed in the water jacket and inserted into the water jacket through the water hole. The insert is fixed relative to the cylinder block at a water hole portion such that the insert is fixed in position in a flow direction of the cooling water. A stopper for preventing the insert from moving downstream in a flow direction of the cooling water may be formed, and the insert engages the stopper such that the insert is fixed in position in the flow direction of the cooling water.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes an insert that is deformable, and a surface of the insert opposing a cylinder bore wall is close to the cylinder bore wall after the insert is inserted into a water jacket. A cooling apparatus of an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block having a water jacket in which an insert is disposed; the cylinder block is machined so that a water hole or an aperture having a size corresponding to a size of the insert is formed in the cylinder block and the insert can be inserted into the water jacket through the water hole or the aperture.

Abstract: The lubricant composition of the present invention can be used in automatic transmissions and contains 0.05 to 2% of a metallic salt of organic acid (component (A)), such as calcium sulfonate, 0.15 to 4% of a specific polyamide compound (component (B)) and 0.05 to 1.5% of acid phosphate or acid phosphite ester (component (C)) which are added to a lubricant base oil, wherein all percentages are by weight in the total lubricant composition. The lubricant composition for automatic transmissions can show high anti-shudder property, high anti-shudder durability for an extended period, high property of preventing clogging of the friction material, and sufficient transmission torque capacity, while retaining the lubricant characteristic requirements for use in automatic transmissions.