Abstract: In an apparatus, a gas containing CH4 and CO2 is supplied from a first supply unit to a synthetic gas production unit which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and H2 while heating a first catalytic structure; the synthetic gas is supplied to a gas production unit which generates a lower olefin-containing gas including propylene while heating a second catalytic structure; and a detection unit detects propylene discharged from the gas production unit. The first catalytic structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle that is present in first channels of the first supports. The second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports. The second supports have a second channels, a portion of which have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes an engine, a drive wheel, a power transmission mechanism configured to transmit a driving power of the engine to the drive wheel, and a control unit configured to control the power transmission mechanism. The power transmission mechanism has a torque converter including a first clutch, and a second clutch coupled to the torque converter. The control unit controls an oil pressure supplied to the first clutch to a predetermined oil pressure when the second clutch is partially engaged.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes an engine, a drive wheel, a power transmission mechanism configured to transmit a driving power of the engine to the drive wheel, and a control unit configured to control the power transmission mechanism. The power transmission mechanism has a torque converter including a first clutch, and a second clutch coupled to the torque converter. The control unit controls an oil pressure supplied to the first clutch to a predetermined oil pressure when the second clutch is partially engaged.

Abstract: A transmission device comprises first interfaces each of which receives time-division multiplexed signals from an external device in units of frames, a switch which is connected with the first interfaces and sets paths of the signals received from the first interface in regard to each packet, and second interfaces each of which is connected with the switch, receives the signals from the first interface via the switch, and transmits the received signals to a different transmission device in units of packets. The first interface selects signals having the same destination from the signals contained in the received frame and stores the selected signals having the same destination in one packet.

Abstract: A circuit capable of processing signals of different signal types is provided for identifying the signal type by the signal type setting from an administrator or by the implementation of the optical module, thereby selecting a signal processor to be used. An OTN frame standardized by ITU is used in a fixed manner independent of the signal type to be accommodated, while a corresponding SDH/SONET frame standardized by ITU is used for signal accommodation.

Abstract: A signal speed converting apparatus to be connected to a WDM transmission end office, comprising a first interface connected to a first optical line group, a plurality of second interfaces connected to a second optical line group, and a speed converter. The first interface has a first framer for terminating a frame in a first format received from the first optical line group and outputting an information signal extracted from the received frames as a serial signal train or parallel signal trains. The speed converter converts the output signal from the first framer into transmission signal trains each including interleaved communication frame by cyclically distributing the output signal from the first framer to a plurality of internal lines. Each of the second interfaces has a second framer for converting the communication frame received from one of the internal lines into information frame in a second format to be transmitted to the second optical line group.

Abstract: A transmission device comprises first interfaces each of which receives time-division multiplexed signals from an external device in units of frames, a switch which is connected with the first interfaces and sets paths of the signals received from the first interface in regard to each packet, and second interfaces each of which is connected with the switch, receives the signals from the first interface via the switch, and transmits the received signals to a different transmission device in units of packets. The first interface selects signals having the same destination from the signals contained in the received frame and stores the selected signals having the same destination in one packet.

Abstract: A signal speed converting apparatus to be connected to a WDM transmission end office, comprising a first interface connected to a first optical line group, a plurality of second interfaces connected to a second optical line group, and a speed converter. The first interface has a first framer for terminating a frame in a first format received from the first optical line group and outputting an information signal extracted from the received frames as a serial signal train or parallel signal trains. The speed converter converts the output signal from the first framer into transmission signal trains each including interleaved communication frame by cyclically distributing the output signal from the first framer to a plurality of internal lines. Each of the second interfaces has a second framer for converting the communication frame received from one of the internal lines into information frame in a second format to be transmitted to the second optical line group.

Abstract: A circuit capable of processing signals of different signal types is provided for identifying the signal type by the signal type setting from an administrator or by the implementation of the optical module, thereby selecting a signal processor to be used. An OTN frame standardized by ITU is used in a fixed manner independent of the signal type to be accommodated, while a corresponding SDH/SONET frame standardized by ITU is used for signal accommodation.

Abstract: A uni-direction protection switched ring node which switches from a working path to a protection path or vice versa includes a failure-information detect circuit which detects a failure occurring on the working path and a failure occurring on the protection path independently of each other as failure information. A failure-information-path identifying circuit determines whether a working path with a failure occurring thereon is an active or standby path or determines whether a protection path with a failure occurring thereon is an active or standby path. A select circuit selects either the working or protection path as an active path in accordance with results of detection and determination by the failure-information detect circuit and the failure-information-path identifying circuit respectively.

Abstract: An alarm detect unit (a path switching apparatus) for selecting an active path comprises a path-alarm detect circuit and a guard timer for a working path as well as a path-alarm detect circuit and a guard timer for a protection path. When an alarm is detected on the active path, alarm information, that is, information on the generation of the alarm, is delayed by a predetermined time by the guard timer of the working or protection path that serves as the active path.By the same token, when an alarm is detected on a standby path, alarm information, that is, information on the recovery of the alarm, is delayed by a predetermined time by the guard timer of the working or protection path that serves as the standby path. Either the working or protection path is then selected as the active path in accordance with pieces of alarm information output by the two guard timers which indicate the line-failure-occurrence states of the active and standby paths.

Abstract: A method and system for supervising communications a multi-channel access communication system having a plurality of terminals connected to a plurality of communication channels. The terminals are classified into a plurality of groups each including at least one terminal. When a group calls another group, it is checked by referring to a management table if there is any terminal in communications in the called group. If there is a terminal in communications, the call is invalidated.