Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter contains a polyolefin microporous membrane. A mean flow pore size dPP in a pore size distribution of the polyolefin microporous membrane measured by a half dry method according to gas-liquid phase substitution is from 1 nm to 20 nm. A mean flow pore size dLLP in a pore size distribution of the polyolefin microporous membrane measured by a half dry method according to liquid-liquid phase substitution is from 1 nm to 15 nm. A difference (dPP?dLLP) between the mean flow pore size dPP and the mean flow pore size dLLP is 12 nm or less, and a thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane is from 4 to 25 ?m.

Abstract: A substrate for a composite membrane includes a microporous polyolefin membrane for carrying a hydrophilic resin compound within the pores of the microporous membrane wherein: the average pore diameter is 1 nm to 50 nm; the porosity is 50% to 78%; the membrane thickness is 1 ?m to 12 ?m; and, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (volume ratio 1/2) is dripped onto a surface of the microporous polyolefin membrane which has not undergone hydrophilization treatment, the contact angle ?1 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 90 degrees 1 second after the dripping, and the contact angle ?2 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 70 degrees 10 minutes after the dripping, and the rate of change of the contact angle ((?1??2)/?1×100) is 10 to 50%.

Abstract: A substrate for a composite membrane includes a microporous polyolefin membrane for carrying a hydrophilic resin compound within the pores of the microporous membrane wherein: the average pore diameter is 1 nm to 50 nm; the porosity is 50% to 78%; the membrane thickness is 1 ?m to 12 ?m; and, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (volume ratio 1/2) is dripped onto a surface of the microporous polyolefin membrane which has not undergone hydrophilization treatment, the contact angle ?1 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 90 degrees 1 second after the dripping, and the contact angle ?2 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 70 degrees 10 minutes after the dripping, and the rate of change of the contact angle ((?1??2)/?1×100) is 10 to 50%.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter, which includes a polyolefin microporous membrane, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a water permeation efficiency of 0.51 to 1.20 ml/min·cm2, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a bubble point of 0.45 MPa or more and 0.70 MPa or less, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a compressibility of less than 15%.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter, which includes a polyolefin microporous membrane, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a water permeation efficiency of 1.21 to 2.90 ml/min·cm2, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a bubble point of 0.40 MPa to 0.65 MPa, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a compressibility of less than 15%.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter, which includes a polyolefin microporous membrane, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a water permeation efficiency of 0.10 to 0.50 ml/min·cm2, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a bubble point of 0.50 MPa or more and 0.80 MPa or less.

Abstract: To provide an electrolyte membrane that exhibits high proton conductivity even at low humidity, the electrolyte membrane includes a composite membrane including: a microporous polyolefin membrane that has an average pore diameter of 1 to 1000 nm and a porosity of 50 to 90% and that can be impregnated with a solvent having a surface free energy of 28 mJ/m2 or more, and an electrolyte containing a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer having an EW of 250 to 850 loaded into the pores of the microporous polyolefin membrane, wherein the membrane thickness of the composite membrane is 1 to 20 ?m.

Abstract: A substrate for a composite membrane includes a microporous polyolefin membrane for carrying a hydrophilic resin compound within the pores of the microporous membrane wherein: the average pore diameter is 1 nm to 50 nm; the porosity is 50% to 78%; the membrane thickness is 1 ?m to 12 ?m; and, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (volume ratio ½) is dripped onto a surface of the microporous polyolefin membrane which has not undergone hydrophilization treatment, the contact angle ?1 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 90 degrees 1 second after the dripping, and the contact angle ?2 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 70 degrees 10 minutes after the dripping, and the rate of change of the contact angle ((?1??2)/?1×100) is 10 to 50%.

Abstract: To provide an electrolyte membrane that exhibits high proton conductivity even at low humidity, the electrolyte membrane includes a composite membrane including: a microporous polyolefin membrane that has an average pore diameter of 1 to 1000 nm and a porosity of 50 to 90% and that can be impregnated with a solvent having a surface free energy of 28 mJ/m2 or more, and an electrolyte containing a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer having an EW of 250 to 850 loaded into the pores of the microporous polyolefin membrane, wherein the membrane thickness of the composite membrane is 1 to 20 ?m.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter that contains a polyolefin microporous membrane, in which a mean flow pore size dpp in a pore size distribution of the polyolefin microporous membrane measured by a half dry method according to gas-liquid phase substitution is from 1 nm to 20 nm, a mean flow pore size dLLP in a pore size distribution of the polyolefin microporous membrane measured by a half dry method according to liquid-liquid phase substitution is from 1 nm to 15 nm, a difference (dpp-dLLP) between the mean flow pore size dpp and the mean flow pore size dLLP is 12 nm or less, and a thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane is from 4 to 25 ?m.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter, which includes a polyolefin microporous membrane, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a water permeation efficiency of 0.10 to 0.50 ml/min·cm2, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a bubble point of 0.50 MPa or more and 0.80 MPa or less.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter, which includes a polyolefin microporous membrane, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a water permeation efficiency of 0.51 to 1.20 ml/min·cm2, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a bubble point of 0.45 MPa or more and 0.70 MPa or less, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a compressibility of less than 15%.

Abstract: A substrate for a liquid filter, which includes a polyolefin microporous membrane, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a water permeation efficiency of 1.21 to 2.90 ml/min·cm2, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a bubble point of 0.40 MPa to 0.65 MPa, the polyolefin microporous membrane having a compressibility of less than 15%.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided that forms a three-dimensional semiconductor device having semiconductor devices stacked on one another. In this semiconductor device, a hole is formed in a silicon semiconductor substrate that has an integrated circuit unit and an electrode pad formed on a principal surface on the outer side. The hole is formed by etching, with the electrode pad serving as an etching stopper layer. An embedded electrode is formed in the hole. This embedded electrode serves to electrically lead the electrode pad to the principal surface on the bottom side of the silicon semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an image sensing device provided on a semiconductor substrate; a transparent member provided on a light-receiving area of the image sensing device; and a circuit element provided on the transparent member, wherein the image sensing device and the circuit element are electrically coupled to each other.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: a solid-state imaging element having a light-receiving area; a transparent member disposed so as to oppose the light-receiving area; a supporting member configured to support the transparent member; a first mark disposed at either an upper surface of the transparent member or an upper surface of the supporting member; and a second mark disposed at an outer side of the light-receiving area, at an upper surface of the solid-state imaging element.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided that forms a three-dimensional semiconductor device having semiconductor devices stacked on one another. In this semiconductor device, a hole is formed in a silicon semiconductor substrate that has an integrated circuit unit and an electrode pad formed on a principal surface on the outer side. The hole is formed by etching, with the electrode pad serving as an etching stopper layer. An embedded electrode is formed in the hole. This embedded electrode serves to electrically lead the electrode pad to the principal surface on the bottom side of the silicon semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided that forms a three-dimensional semiconductor device having semiconductor devices stacked on one another. In this semiconductor device, a hole is formed in a silicon semiconductor substrate that has an integrated circuit unit and an electrode pad formed on a principal surface on the outer side. The hole is formed by etching, with the electrode pad serving as an etching stopper layer. An embedded electrode is formed in the hole. This embedded electrode serves to electrically lead the electrode pad to the principal surface on the bottom side of the silicon semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an image sensing device provided on a semiconductor substrate; a transparent member provided on a light-receiving area of the image sensing device; and a circuit element provided on the transparent member, wherein the image sensing device and the circuit element are electrically coupled to each other.

Abstract: In order to accurately detect an abnormal state of a rotation direction detection unit for detecting a rotation direction of a crank shaft, provided is an internal combustion engine control apparatus including: a rotation detection unit including the rotation direction detection unit for detecting the rotation direction of the crank shaft of an engine to output a rotation direction signal, and a rotation speed detection unit for outputting a pulse signal according to a rotation speed of the crank shaft; a stop position calculation unit for calculating, based on an output from the rotation detection unit, a stop position of the crank shaft when the engine stops; and an abnormal state detection unit for detecting the abnormal state of the rotation direction detection unit when an actual rotation direction of the crank shaft differs from the rotation direction of the crank shaft based on the rotation direction signal.