Abstract: A method for producing a multibranched aliphatic ester including reacting a multibranched aliphatic alcohol with a multibranched aliphatic carboxylic acid in the absence of a solvent without a catalyst to obtain a multibranched aliphatic ester, and distilling the multibranched aliphatic ester to obtain a purified multibranched aliphatic ester, wherein at least one of the alcohol and the carboxylic acid is a C10-30 compound, and the obtained ester has a Hazen color number (APHA) of 1 to 30. Each of the multibranched aliphatic alcohol and the multibranched carboxylic acid has a tertiary carbon atom and/or a quaternary carbon atom in the molecule and in which the total number of the tertiary carbon atom and/or the quaternary carbon atom in the molecule is 2 or more. The method wherein the reaction is caused at 180 to 300° C. The method wherein a monohydric alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid are used.

Abstract: A method for producing a multibranched aliphatic ester including reacting a multibranched aliphatic alcohol with a multibranched aliphatic carboxylic acid in the absence of a solvent without a catalyst to obtain a multibranched aliphatic ester, and distilling the multibranched aliphatic ester to obtain a purified multibranched aliphatic ester, wherein at least one of the alcohol and the carboxylic acid is a C10-30 compound, and the obtained ester has a Hazen color number (APHA) of 1 to 30. Each of the multibranched aliphatic alcohol and the multibranched carboxylic acid has a tertiary carbon atom and/or a quaternary carbon atom in the molecule and in which the total number of the tertiary carbon atom and/or the quaternary carbon atom in the molecule is 2 or more. The method wherein the reaction is caused at 180 to 300° C. The method wherein a monohydric alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid are used.

Abstract: DNA derived from a gene encoding rice adenylate kinase which has a promoter function in a plant. A vector containing the DNA having a promoter function. A bacterium containing the vector, a plant cell transformed with the vector, and a plant regenerated from the plant cell and its seed. The DNA having a promoter function can be ligated with a structural gene such as a reporter gene and integrated into a vector such as an expression vector. When the DNA having a promoter function is ligated to a vector together with a structural gene encoding a protein and transformed into a host cell, the structural gene is expressed. Further, the expression of a desired gene can be regulated by ligating the desired gene under the control of the DNA fragment.

Abstract: DNA derived from a gene encoding rice adenylate kinase which has a promoter function in a plant. A vector containing the DNA having a promoter function. A bacterium containing the vector, a plant cell transformed with the vector, and a plant regenerated from the plant cell and its seed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rice NADH-dependent reductase gene or variant thereof, to a rice NADH-dependent reductase or analog thereof, to DNA or expression vector comprising the gene or variant thereof and capable of expressing it in microorganism or plant cells, and to a plant or seeds thereof transformed with said expression vector.According to the present invention, plants can be protected from damages caused by plant pathogenic microorganisms by applying the transformed plant to its cultivation.