Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: The charge transporting layer as the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a charge transporting substances represented by any one of formulae (1) to (5), a specific compound, and a specific resin (binder resin). The specific compound is hexanol, heptanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, nitrobenzene, pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, acetophenone, methyl salicylate, dimethyl phthalate, or sulfolane.

Abstract: A charge transporting layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polysiloxane resin having a terminal structure represented by the formula (1), at least one selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin A having a structural unit represented by the formula (A) and a polyarylate resin B having a structural unit represented by the formula (B), and a charge transporting substance, wherein the content of the siloxane structure in the polysiloxane resin is not less than 0.5% by mass and not more than 10% by mass based on the total mass of whole resin in the charge transporting layer.

Abstract: Provided an electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a charging member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a charge transport layer as a surface layer having a matrix-domain structure including specific resins. The charging member comprises an electro-conductive substrate, and an electro-conductive elastic layer. The electro-conductive elastic layer comprises a binder, and holding a bowl-shaped resin particle having an opening, so that at least a part of the bowl-shaped resin particle is exposed, and the charging member has a concavity derived from the opening of the bowl-shaped resin particle on the surface thereof, and a protrusion derived from an edge of the opening of the bowl-shaped resin particle on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A conductive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a first metal oxide particle, a second metal oxide particle, and a binder material. The first metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide particle or tin oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus, tungsten, fluorine, niobium, or tantalum, and the second metal oxide particle is a tin oxide particle doped with an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, tungsten, fluorine, niobium, and tantalum, the element being the same as the element with which the tin oxide of the first metal oxide particle is doped. The conductive layer satisfies formulae (1) and (2).

Abstract: A conductive layer contains a binder material, a first particle, and a second particle. The first particle is composed of a core particle and aluminum-doped zinc oxide covering the core particle or is composed of a core particle and oxygen-deficient zinc oxide covering the core particle. The second particle is of the same material as that of the core particle of the first particle. The content of the first particle is 20% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less of the total volume of the conductive layer. The content of the second particle is 0.1% by volume or more and 15% by volume or less of the total volume of the conductive layer and is 0.5% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less of the volume of the first particle.

Abstract: A conductive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a binder material, a first metal oxide particle, and a second metal oxide particle. The first metal oxide particle is a zinc oxide particle or tin oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus, tungsten, niobium, tantalum, or fluorine. The second metal oxide particle is an uncoated zinc oxide particle or tin oxide particle. The content of the first metal oxide particle is not less than 20% by volume and not more than 50% by volume based on the total volume of the conductive layer. The content of the second metal oxide particle is not less than 0.1% by volume and not more than 15% by volume based on the total volume of the conductive layer, and not less than 0.5% by volume and not more than 30% by volume based on the content of the first metal oxide particle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a hole transporting layer containing a polyester resin having a structural unit expressed by formula (1) as a hole transporting substance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component ? and a component ?, and a domain comprising a component ?.

Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polyester resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member which is excellent in terms of both continuous reduction of contact stress with contact members and the like and potential stability during repeated use. A charge transport layer which serves as a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member has a matrix-domain structure including a matrix containing a component [?] (polycarbonate resin D having a specific repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance and domains containing a component [?] (polycarbonate resin A having a repeating structural unit including a specific siloxane moiety).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer, which is provided on the support, in which: a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a terminal siloxane-containing polyester resin having a specific structure; and a lower layer provided in contact with the surface layer includes a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, or a polyvinyl acetal resin, having a specific structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component [?] and a component [?] (charge-transporting substances having specific structures), and a domain comprising a component [?](resin [?1], or resin [?1] and resin [?2]).

Abstract: The charge transporting layer as the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a charge transporting substances represented by any one of formulae (1) to (5), a specific compound, and a specific resin (binder resin). The specific compound is hexanol, heptanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, nitrobenzene, pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, acetophenone, methyl salicylate, dimethyl phthalate, or sulfolane.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising: at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polycarbonate resin C and a polyester resin D; and at least one charge-transporting substance selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (1?), and a domain comprising a polycarbonate resin A.

Abstract: A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains (?) a particular siloxane-modified resin, (?) a particular compound, and a charge transporting substance. (?) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, nitrobenzene, pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, acetophenone, methyl salicylate, dimethyl phthalate, and sulfolane.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a charge-transporting layer as the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a matrix-domain structure including: a matrix including a component ? (at least one resin of a polycarbonate resin C having a specific repeating structural unit and a polyester resin D having a specific repeating structural unit), and ? (charge-transporting substance having a specific structure); and a domain including a component ? (polycarbonate resin A having a repeating structural unit containing a specific siloxane moiety).

Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polyester resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: A charge-transporting layer, which is a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a predetermined repeating structural unit) and a charge-transporting substance, and a domain containing constituent ? (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit having a predetermined siloxane moiety).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a charge-transporting layer which is a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; wherein the charge-transporting layer has a matrix-domain structure having: a matrix comprising a component ? and a component ?, and a domain comprising a component ?.