Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an air data sensor that does not require an external input of a reference velocity as a Doppler LIDAR, has a function of autonomously determining the absolute airspeed, and has no position error.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit can improve characteristics. A first current increasing circuit 10i4 is constituted of a first slow regulating unit 10i41 and a post-stage first supplying circuit 10i43 and, from a point in time of output switching of a first comparator 10i2, that is, when a set temperature exceeding a reference potential Va is attained, gradually increases a temperature compensated current IT1 (?I1) and thereby suppresses the lowering of emission output. Here, by gradually increasing the temperature compensated current IT1 by making use of charging/discharging functions of a capacitor, etc., that is, by increasing the temperature compensated current IT1 over a longer time than a pulse width that a photodetecting element, onto which light from an LED 11 is made incident, can respond within, pulse width distortion and jitter can be suppressed.

Abstract: There is provided a photodetector applicable to communications requiring a high speed and broad dynamic range. When a photocurrent output of a photodiode 14 for detecting optical power is lower than a specified value, the output of a comparator COMP1 is rapidly switched, however, a low pass filter SC removes high harmonic components, so that the voltage of a gain control terminal VG as the output of the low pass filter SC is gradually lowered. Therefore, a current amount flowing between the source and drain of a gain adjusting N-type MOS transistor GCT to which the voltage is applied is gradually reduced, the current amount flowing via a resistor R1 is reduced, the resistance value Rx of the composite resistor of the gain adjusting amplifier AMP is increased, so that the gain of the gain adjusting amplifier AMP gradually increases to a specified gain. In this case, the time period from the increase in the output voltage until the saturation thereof is within 3 ?s.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of quantitating or detecting a microorganism, capable of detecting a live microorganism at high sensitivity and more precisely. A method of quantitating a microorganism of interest, using as an index the amount of rRNA of the microorganism of interest is provided.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit can improve characteristics. A first current increasing circuit 10i4 is constituted of a first slow regulating unit 10i41 and a post-stage first supplying circuit 10i43 and, from a point in time of output switching of a first comparator 10i2, that is, when a set temperature exceeding a reference potential Va is attained, gradually increases a temperature compensated current IT1 (?I1) and thereby suppresses the lowering of emission output. Here, by gradually increasing the temperature compensated current IT1 by making use of charging/discharging functions of a capacitor, etc., that is, by increasing the temperature compensated current IT1 over a longer time than a pulse width that a photodetecting element, onto which light from an LED 11 is made incident, can respond within, pulse width distortion and jitter can be suppressed.

Abstract: An LED driving circuit that can improve characteristics is provided. An LED driving circuit 10 has first and second peaking current generating circuits 10e (second current source) and 10f (third current source), and a timing generating circuit 10b provides driving signals T2 and T3 to transistors 10c so that first and second peaking currents are supplied from the first and second peaking current generating circuits 10e and 10f to an LED 11. In this case, a driving current is made sharp in rise and rounding of the LED emission output that accompanies the driving current can be corrected. Also, although when there is only one peaking current, a depression tends to be formed when the peaking current is added to a main current, when two or more peaking currents are added in accordance with the main current, the depression can be reduced significantly, and stable optical communications can thereby be performed.

Abstract: There is provided a photodetector applicable to communications requiring a high speed and broad dynamic range. When a photocurrent output of a photodiode 14 for detecting optical power is lower than a specified value, the output of a comparator COMP1 is rapidly switched, however, a low pass filter SC removes high harmonic components, so that the voltage of a gain control terminal VG as the output of the low pass filter SC is gradually lowered. Therefore, a current amount flowing between the source and drain of a gain adjusting N-type MOS transistor GCT to which the voltage is applied is gradually reduced, the current amount flowing via a resistor R1 is reduced, the resistance value Rx of the composite resistor of the gain adjusting amplifier AMP is increased, so that the gain of the gain adjusting amplifier AMP gradually increases to a specified gain. In this case, the time period from the increase in the output voltage until the saturation thereof is within 3 ?s.

Abstract: A thawing cycle, wherein after reduced-pressure process (G) is carried out to reduced-pressure balanced range (B), pressure restoration process (F) is started, and when the reduced-pressure of pressure restoration process (F) reaches a lower limit (P1) at which vacuum discharge does not occur, irradiation of microwaves is started, and after pressure restoration is carried out to a preset pressure restoration upper limit (D), reduced-pressure process (G?) is carried out once again, and irradiation of microwaves continues until the reduced-pressure reaches a lower limit (P1) at which vacuum discharge does not occur, and sublimation cooling by sublimation is carried out in the reduced-pressure process to reduced-pressure balanced range (B?) after the irradiation of microwaves is terminated, is carried out repeatedly.

Abstract: A thawing cycle, wherein after reduced-pressure process (G) is carried out to reduced-pressure balanced range (B), pressure restoration process (F) is started, and when the reduced-pressure of pressure restoration process (F) reaches a lower limit (P1) at which vacuum discharge does not occur, irradiation of microwaves is started, and after pressure restoration is carried out to a preset pressure restoration upper limit (D), reduced-pressure process (G?) is carried out once again, and irradiation of microwaves continues until the reduced-pressure reaches a lower limit (P1) at which vacuum discharge does not occur, and sublimation cooling by sublimation is carried out in the reduced-pressure process to reduced-pressure balanced range (B?) after the irradiation of microwaves is terminated, is carried out repeatedly.

Abstract: The demodulator of the invention includes a DSP. The DSP determines the distortion amount of the transmission channel based on known signals included in a radio receiving signal, and estimates the frequency of the direct wave based on the distortion amount. Furthermore, the DSP rotates the phase of the distortion amount based on the phase amount corresponding to the estimated frequency of the direct wave. Next, the DSP estimates the center frequency of the Doppler spread based on the distortion amount after the phase is rotated. Furthermore, the DSP synthesizes the phase amount corresponding to the estimated center frequency of the Doppler spread and the phase amount corresponding to the frequency of the direct wave to estimate the last frequency offset. Thereafter, the DSP eliminates frequency offset of the radio receiving signal based on the estimated frequency offset. Thereby, a sufficient frequency offset compensating range can be secured, and excellent BER characteristics can be realized.

Abstract: A transmitting side periodically inserts a known signal consisting of successive NP symbols into an information signal consisting of (NF−NP) symbols and transmits the NF symbol signal. The receiving side receives the NF symbol signal, and automatically controls a frequency by estimating a frequency deviation from the incoming signal. More specifically, the receiving side outputs I and Q-channel analog baseband signals from the received incoming signal as well as from a sinusoidal signal outputted from an oscillator, and converts the analog baseband signals to the digital baseband signals. Then a phase difference for one symbol cycle is estimated from the digital baseband signals, integration processing is executed by iterative addition of the estimated values, and the frequency deviation is eliminated from the digital baseband signals using a result of the processing for integration.

Abstract: The present invention aims to obtain a demodulator with improved receiving performance such as bit error rate characteristic by reducing the estimation error of the fading distortion even in case of transmitted signal in the channel which is much influenced by not only fading variation but also the thermal noise such as in the nonfading channel. In the demodulator of the invention has a configuration where the carrier is estimated using the known signal to perform the coherent detection. In the carrier estimator, the fading distortion estimator obtains a predetermined form of the estimation of the fading distortion using the known signal, the fading distortion compensator eliminates the fading distortion estimated from the received signal by a predetermined compensating method. The averaging unit obtains the average value of the compensated signal, of which the modulation component was eliminated from the output of the fading distortion compensator.

Abstract: An automatic frequency controller includes a frequency offset estimating section that calculates phase distortion quantities and the average thereof from known signals contained in a received signal. The frequency offset estimating section obtains, from the average distortion quantity, signal powers corresponding to a plurality of candidate frequency offsets set at frequency offset estimation accuracy intervals in a frequency offset estimation range. The frequency offset estimating section looks at the signal powers through a frequency window with a frequency width corresponding to a transmission path state. This makes it possible to maximize the signal power of a frequency of a radio wave or radio waves corresponding to the transmission path state, and to place the radio wave or radio waves corresponding to the transmission path state as a frequency controlled object. This can improve demodulation accuracy.

Abstract: In the identical spread code multiplex SS system, a delay correction unit and a multiplexer calculates the multiplexed square correlation value by matching the peak values and adding the square correlation values of all the multiplexed signals. The multiplexed signals are the signals obtained by multiplexing an RF signal in such manner that different specific delay times are respectively given to parallel transmission information sequences multiplied by identical spread codes. Therefore, code synchronization can be realized by using only one correlator for both the orthogonal and an in-phase components.

Abstract: A phase region deciding unit decides the phase region in which the signal point falls and a counter unit counts the number of signal points in each phase region. A weighted average calculating unit calculates a weighted average using the previous weighted average and a result of counting in the counter unit. A likelihood calculating unit calculates likelihood of the weighted average of phase distribution calculated weighted average using the phase-distribution table stored in a phase-distribution table storing unit for each phase-distribution model, detects a maximum likelihood phase-distribution model, and outputs the signal quality corresponding to the detected phase-distribution model as the estimated signal quality.

Abstract: A signal from a differential detecting section is decoded by a data decision section and is inputted into a detection area judging section. In the detection area judging section, synchronous word patterns such as a unique word periodically inserted into the decoded data is detected, determination is made as to in which area the synchronous word pattern was detected, and in a case where it is judged by the capture determining section that frequency control is executed at an incorrect phase control point, a frequency deviation control section computes a control rate for a frequency deviation so that a detection area for the received signal will enter an area of a correct phase control point according to a detection area of the received signal, and the frequency deviation is corrected so that control is executed at the correct phase control point by adding a value corresponding to the control rate to an output value from the averaging filter section.