Abstract: This internal combustion engine is provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism capable of changing a mechanical compression ratio by changing the volume of the combustion chamber at the top dead center. The pressure and temperature of remaining combusted gas within the combustion chamber at the time when the exhaust valve is closed in the intake stroke is measured or estimated, the pressure and temperature of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber after the exhaust valve is closed in the intake stroke is measured or estimated, and based on the assumption that the pressure and temperature of the remaining combusted gas which saturates the volume of the combustion chamber at the time when the exhaust valve is closed in the air intake stroke become, when the intake air is supplied to the combustion chamber, equal to the pressure and temperature of the intake air, the volume of the remaining combusted gas after the change is calculated.

Abstract: A gland packing having required characteristics is obtained by finding relationships between required characteristics and the value of the limiting oxygen index, and adequately defining the level of the required characteristics. The gland packing is configured by twisting or braiding a single or plurality of yarns that are formed by twisting fibers having a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 21 to 30, preferably 22 to 26. The fibers contain fibers in which a flat ratio is defined as 1.1 to 2, the flat ratio being a value obtained by dividing the maximum value of an interval between two parallel straight line in a state where a section of each of the fibers is interposed between the straight lines, by the minimum value. The fibers contain fibers in each of which a sectional shape has one or more recesses 1 having a depth h of 0.4 ?m or more.

Abstract: A yarn having characteristics required in a gland packing is obtained by, when the yarn is to be constructed by fibers such as organic fibers, finding relationships between the required characteristics and the value of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and adequately defining the level of the required characteristics. A yarn is formed by twisting fibers having a limiting oxygen index of 21 to 30, preferably 22 to 26. The fibers contain fibers in which a flat ratio is defined as 1.1 to 2, the flat ratio being a value obtained by dividing the maximum value of an interval between two parallel straight lines in a state where a section of each of the fibers is interposed between the straight lines, by the minimum value. The fibers contain fibers in each of which a sectional shape has one or more recesses having a depth of 0.4 ?m or more.

Abstract: A gland packing having required characteristics is obtained by finding relationships between required characteristics and the value of the limiting oxygen index, and adequately defining the level of the required characteristics. The gland packing is configured by twisting or braiding a single or plurality of yarns that are formed by twisting fibers having a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 21 to 30, preferably 22 to 26. The fibers contain fibers in which a flat ratio is defined as 1.1 to 4, the flat ratio being a value which is obtained by dividing the maximum value of an interval between two parallel straight lines in a state where a section of each of the fibers is interposed between the straight lines, by the minimum value. The fibers contain fibers in each of which a sectional shape has one or more recesses having a depth of 0.4 ?m or more.

Abstract: Provided is positive electrode material for a highly safe lithium-ion secondary battery that can charge and discharge a large current while having long service life. Disclosed are composite particles comprising: particles of lithium-containing phosphate; and carbon coating comprising at least one carbon material selected from the group consisting of (i) fibrous carbon material, (ii) chain-like carbon material, and (iii) carbon material produced by linking together fibrous carbon material and chain-like carbon material, wherein each particle is coated with the carbon coating. The fibrous carbon material is preferably a carbon nanotube with an average fiber size of 5 to 200 nm. The chain-like carbon material is preferably carbon black produced by linking, like a chain, primary particles with an average particle size of 10 to 100 nm. The lithium-containing phosphate is preferably LiFePO4, LiMnPO4, LiMnXFe(1-X)PO4, LiCoPO4, or Li3V2(PO4)3.

Abstract: Provided is positive electrode material for a highly safe lithium-ion secondary battery that can charge and discharge a large current while having long service life. Disclosed are composite particles comprising: at least one carbon material selected from the group consisting of (i) fibrous carbon material, (ii) chain-like carbon material, and (iii) carbon material produced by linking together fibrous carbon material and chain-like carbon material; and lithium-containing phosphate, wherein at least one fine pore originating from the at least one carbon material opens to outside the composite particle. Preferably, the composite particles are coated with carbon. The fibrous carbon material is preferably a carbon nanotube with an average fiber size of 5 to 200 nm. The chain-like carbon material is preferably carbon black produced by linking, like a chain, primary particles with an average particle size of 10 to 100 nm.

Abstract: Provided are a laminate body, a cross-linked product, and a molded member superior in interlayer adhesiveness. An acrylic elastomer layer 11 is prepared from an acrylic elastomer composition containing an epoxy group-containing acrylic elastomer as major component, an onium salt in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by mass and a polyol compound in an amount of 1 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic elastomer, and a fluorine-based elastomer layer 12 is prepared from a fluorine-based elastomer composition containing a polyol crosslinking agent. The acrylic elastomer layer 11 and the fluorine-based elastomer layer 12 are laminated, to give a laminate body 1. The laminate body 1 is cross-linked, to give a cross-linked product or a molded member.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which is provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism which can change a mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism which can control a closing timing of an intake valve. A target operating point which can be reached after a fixed time without entering no-entry regions from the current operating point toward an operating point which satisfies the demanded intake air amount is calculated for an operating point which shows a combination of the mechanical compression ratio and the closing timing of the intake valve when the demanded intake air amount changes, and the mechanical compression ratio and the closing timing of the intake valve are made to change toward this target operating point.

Abstract: Imaging lens comprises, in order from the object side, a first lens block having a convex and concave surfaces oriented toward the object and image side respectively, and having a positive power, and a second lens. An aperture stop can be located on the object side of the first lens block, a peripheral portion of the image side surface of the second lens has a positive power where: 0.62<fla/f<0.82 (1) ?4.00<f1b/f<?1.11 (2) 0.70<D4/f<1.00 (3) with, fla: focal distance of object side lens portion of the first lens block; f1b: focal distance of an image side lens portion of the first lens block; D4: distance on the optical axis from the object side surface of the first lens block to the image side surface of the second lens; f: focal distance of the imaging lens total system.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine wherein a variable compression ratio mechanism which can change the mechanical compression ratio and a detection sensor for detecting the mechanical compression ratio are provided and wherein the mechanical compression ratio is controlled based on the mechanical compression ratio detected by the detection sensor. When a signal line of the detection sensor breaks, the mechanical compression ratio is lowered to the minimum mechanical compression ratio.

Abstract: A highly accurate compound-eye unit is provided, which can assemble a compound-eye lens member to a lens holder with high positional accuracy even when using the compound-eye lens member that is unsatisfactory in dimensional accuracy of an external shape. A highly accurate compound-eye unit is provided, which can assemble a light shielding member having a plurality of apertures with high positional accuracy. A distance W2 between centers of apertures AP2, AP3 is smaller than a distance W1 between optical axes of convex lens units PL2, PL3, and hence, as illustrated in FIG. 13, when a lens member IM3 is made to approach a lens holder LH along an optical-axis direction, optical surfaces or external portions of peripheral surfaces of convex lens units PL2, PL3 abut on edge portions of the apertures AP2, AP3 at two points P, Q, and a flat surface FP abuts on an abutting portion CT.

Abstract: A high expansion ratio internal combustion engine includes: a variable compression ratio mechanism that varies a mechanical compression ratio of the internal combustion engine; and a variable valve train in which some valve(s) of a plurality of intake valves is phase-variable and the remaining valve(s) is phase-fixed, the variable valve train being configured such that a working angle of the phase-variable intake valve is larger than a working angle of the phase-fixed intake valve, wherein a valve-open timing of the phase-variable intake valve is retarded after a valve-open timing of the phase-fixed intake valve when the internal combustion engine is under low-load operating state.

Abstract: Phosphor that can provide white LED that uses a blue LED or an ultraviolet LED as a light source and that has superior luminous efficiency. This phosphor includes, as a main component, ?-type sialon represented by a general expression: (M1)x(M2)y(Si,Al)12(O,N)16 (where M1 is one or more types of elements selected from a group consisting of Li, Mg, Ca, Y, and lanthanide element (except for La and Ce) and M2 is one or more types of elements selected from a group consisting of Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Er, and 0.3?X+Y?1.5 and 0<y?0.7 are established and the sialon phosphor consists of a powder having a specific surface area of 0.2 to 0.5 m2/g.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a variable compression ratio mechanism which can change the mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism which can control a closing timing of an intake valve are provided. When the variable compression ratio mechanism breaks down, the mechanical compression ratio and the intake valve closing timing are made to change from a current operating point toward a low mechanical compression ratio side demanded operating point without entering the no-entry region.

Abstract: A harness cover covering a wiring harness between a vehicle body and a door and having a cylindrical shape that is configured to accommodate the wiring harness on an inner circumferential side thereof may include a door-side grommet attached to one end thereof and capable of being connected to a grommet hole formed in the door, a body-side grommet attached to the other end thereof and capable of being connected to a grommet hole formed in vehicle body, and a bellows-shaped portion positioned between the body-side grommet and the door-side grommet. A set number of and a height of angled portions of the bellows-shaped portion are determined such that when the bellows-shaped portion is extended to a maximum at a time when the door is opened, a spread angle of each angled portion creates an acute angle.

Abstract: In a drive force transmission apparatus, when an input shaft is rotated in a normal rotational direction, a rotational force of the input shaft is transmitted to an output shaft through a one-way clutch to rotate the output shaft at a rotational speed, which is the same as a rotational speed of the input shaft. At this time, an input side sub-shaft is freed from an output side sub-shaft. In contrast, when the input shaft is rotated in a reverse rotational direction, the rotational force of the input shaft is transmitted to the output shaft through an input gear, a first gear, the input side sub-shaft, a two-way clutch, the output side sub-shaft, a second gear and an output gear. At this time, the output shaft is freed from an intermediate shaft.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode material for a safe, high capacity, long lifetime lithium ion secondary battery capable of large current charging and discharging. The positive electrode material contains between 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of a carbon black composite formed by joining together fibrous carbon and carbon black wherein ash is 1.0% or less by mass in accordance with JIS K 1469 and the remainder includes olivine-type lithium iron phosphate, and volatile oxygen-containing functional groups which constitutes 1.0% or less by mass of the positive electrode material. The fibrous carbon is preferably a nanotube having a fiber diameter of 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less and a specific surface area between 50 m2/g or more and 400 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A bus circuit which transfers data of a plurality of bits output from one module to another module, includes: a data bus; a division circuit configured to divide the data into a plurality of pieces of divided data including a plurality of bits in a number equal to or less than half a bit width of the data bus; an inverter circuit configured to generate a plurality of pieces of inverted divided data by inverting each of the plurality of pieces of divided data; an output circuit configured to output each of the plurality of pieces of divided data and each of the pieces of inverted divided data corresponding to each of the pieces of divided data as a data pair; and a coupling circuit configured to extract and couple the plurality of pieces of divided data from the data pair received from the data bus.

Abstract: Phosphor that can provide white LED that uses a blue LED or an ultraviolet LED as a light source and that has superior luminous efficiency. This phosphor includes, as a main component, ?-type sialon represented by a general expression: (M1)x(M2)y(Si,Al)12(O,N)16 (where M1 is one or more types of elements selected from a group consisting of Li, Mg, Ca, Y, and lanthanide element (except for La and Ce) and M2 is one or more types of elements selected from a group consisting of Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Er, and 0.3?X+Y?1.5 and 0<y?0.7 are established and the sialon phosphor consists of a powder having a specific surface area of 0.2 to 0.5 m2/g.

Abstract: A control signal output unit (62) outputs a rotational direction signal indicating a rotational direction of a motor (53) and a pulse width modulation control signal. A motor-driving unit (63) drives the motor (53) based on the pulse width modulation control signal and rotational direction signal inputted therein. A connection unit (64) electrically connects the control signal output unit (62) and the motor-driving unit (63) to transmit the pulse width modulation control signal and rotational direction signal outputted from the control signal output unit (62) to the motor-driving unit (63). The motor-driving unit (63) comprises a trouble-detecting unit (631). The trouble-detecting unit (631) successfully detects an occurrence of a trouble in the connection unit (64) by comparing the duty ratio in the inputted pulse width modulation control signal with the rotational direction in the inputted rotational direction signal.