Abstract: To provide a semiconductor light emitting device which is capable of accomplishing a broad color reproducibility for an entire image without losing brightness of the entire image. A light source provided on a backlight for a color image display device has a semiconductor light emitting device comprising a solid light emitting device to emit light in a blue or deep blue region or in an ultraviolet region and phosphors, in combination. The phosphors comprise a green emitting phosphor and a red emitting phosphor. The green emitting phosphor and the red emitting phosphor are ones, of which the rate of change of the emission peak intensity at 100° C. to the emission intensity at 25° C., when the wavelength of the excitation light is 400 nm or 455 nm, is at most 40%.

Abstract: This IGCC plant is provided with an ASU which separates oxygen gas and nitrogen gas from air, a coal gasification furnace which uses an oxidizing agent to gasify coal, and a gas turbine which is driven by the combustion gas resulting from burning a gas generated by means of the coal gasification furnace. This IGCC plant control device (50) is provided with an air separation amount determination unit (52) which determines the production amount of nitrogen gas produced by the ASU depending on the operating load of the IGCC plant, and supplies to the coal gasification furnace the entire amount of oxygen gas generated as a byproduct in response to the determined nitrogen gas production amount. By this means, the IGCC plant can minimize blow-off of oxygen gas produced from the air.

Abstract: An IGCC plant includes a coal gasifier that gasifies coal by using an oxidizer, a gas turbine that is driven by combustion gas generated by combustion of fuel gas obtained by purifying gas generated by the coal gasifier in gas clean-up equipment, and an oxidizer supply path for supplying air extracted from an air compressor of the gas turbine or oxygen separated from the air as an oxidizer for the coal gasifier. A control unit (50) for the gasification power generation plant controls the amount of the oxidizer that is supplied to the coal gasifier to be less than or equal to a predetermined upper-limit value, while allowing deviation of an air ratio from a predetermined set value, the air ratio representing the ratio of the amount of air that is supplied to the coal gasifier relative to a theoretical amount of air for combustion of carbon, in accordance with variations in an operating-state quantity of the coal gasifier or variations in a load of the IGCC plant.

Abstract: An IGCC plant includes a coal gasifier that gasifies coal by using an oxidizer, a gas turbine that is driven by combustion gas generated by combustion of fuel gas obtained by purifying gas generated by the coal gasifier in gas clean-up equipment, and an oxidizer supply path for supplying air extracted from an air compressor of the gas turbine or oxygen separated from the air as an oxidizer for the coal gasifier. A control unit (50) for the gasification power generation plant controls the amount of the oxidizer that is supplied to the coal gasifier to be less than or equal to a predetermined upper-limit value, while allowing deviation of an air ratio from a predetermined set value, the air ratio representing the ratio of the amount of air that is supplied to the coal gasifier relative to a theoretical amount of air for combustion of carbon, in accordance with variations in an operating-state quantity of the coal gasifier or variations in a load of the IGCC plant.

Abstract: This IGCC plant is provided with an ASU which separates oxygen gas and nitrogen gas from air, a coal gasification furnace which uses an oxidizing agent to gasify coal, and a gas turbine which is driven by the combustion gas resulting from burning a gas generated by means of the coal gasification furnace. This IGCC plant control device (50) is provided with an air separation amount determination unit (52) which determines the production amount of nitrogen gas produced by the ASU depending on the operating load of the IGCC plant, and supplies to the coal gasification furnace the entire amount of oxygen gas generated as a byproduct in response to the determined nitrogen gas production amount. By this means, the IGCC plant can minimize blow-off of oxygen gas produced from the air.

Abstract: Provided is a gasification furnace apparatus equipped with a supply source of low-oxygen-concentration drying gas that does not require fuel. A coal pulverizer that produces pulverized coal by pulverizing coal, an air separator that separates air into oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, and a gasification furnace that produces product gas by introducing thereinto the pulverized coal and the oxygen gas, are included. By receiving a supply of excess nitrogen gas from the air separator, the air diluted with nitrogen is used as a source of low-oxygen-concentration gas for drying the pulverized coal, and an air heater that heats the source of low-oxygen-concentration gas to a temperature at which drying can be performed is provided.

Abstract: A vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass according to the present invention comprises a vacuum housing where a vacuum is created; a vacuum degassing vessel housed in the vacuum housing to degas the molten glass; an introduction device communicated to the vacuum degassing vessel so as to introduce untreated molten glass into the vacuum degassing vessel, or preferably an uprising pipe; and a discharge device to discharge treated molten glass from the vacuum degassing vessel, or preferably a downfalling pipe. In the apparatus, at least a portion of at least one of the vacuum degassing vessel, the uprising pipe and the downfalling pipe that directly contact with the molten glass is constituted by refractory material having a porosity of not greater than 5%. The apparatus can increase quantity of flow of the molten glass and consequently a degassing throughput of the molten glass in comparison with prior art, having the same size and the same pressure loss.

Abstract: A vacuum degassing apparatus includes a lifter to absorb deformation in a vertical direction due to thermal expansion of the vacuum degassing, a slider to absorb thermal expansion of the vacuum degassing vessel in a longitudinal direction thereof, or a thermal expansion absorbing layer to absorb thermal expansion of an uprising pipe and a downfalling pipe in a cross-sectional direction, or a thermal expansion absorbing layer provided along a portion of an outer surface of the vacuum degassing vessel in a height direction.

Abstract: A vacuum degassing method for molten glass, which comprises introducing molten glass into a vacuum degassing apparatus, subjecting it to degassing treatment under a predetermined reduced pressure condition and then withdrawing it for a subsequent step, wherein during the degassing treatment, a metal compound which is at least one compound of metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, silicon, zinc, magnesium, iron, chromium, cobalt, cerium and calcium, is supplied from outside of the vacuum degassing apparatus to the surface of a bubble layer formed in the molten glass to diminish or extinguish the bubble layer.

Abstract: A vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass includes a vacuum housing where a vacuum is created; a vacuum degassing vessel housed in the vacuum housing to degas the molten glass; an introduction device communicated to the vacuum degassing vessel so as to introduce untreated molten glass into the vacuum degassing vessel, or preferably an uprising pipe; and a discharge device to discharge treated molten glass from the vacuum degassing vessel, or preferably a downfalling pipe. In the apparatus, at least a portion of at least one of the vacuum degassing vessel, the uprising pipe and the downfalling pipe that directly contact the molten glass is constituted by refractory material having a porosity of not greater than 5%. The apparatus can increase quantity of flow of the molten glass and consequently a degassing throughput of the molten glass, having the same size and the same pressure loss.

Abstract: A dark green colored glass comprising 100 parts by weight of a matrix component of soda lime silicate glass, and, as coloring components, from 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight of total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, more than 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight of total titanium calculated as TiO.sub.2, from 0.003 to 0.02 part by weight of CoO, from 0 to 0.0008 part by weight of Se, from 0 to 0.05 part by weight of total chromium calculated as Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0 to 0.5 part by weight of total vanadium calculated as V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and from 0 to 0.5 part by weight of total cerium calculated as CeO.sub.2, wherein the proportion of ferrous iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 is from 15 to 50%.

Abstract: Ultraviolet ray absorbing colored glass, which comprises 100 parts by weight of a base component consisting of soda lime silicate glass and coloring components consisting essentially of from 0.08 to 0.4 part by weight of total iron as calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.05 to 0.4 part by weight of vanadium as calculated as V.sub.2 O.sub.5, from 0.0005 to 0.03 part by weight of Se, from 0 to 0.005 part by weight of CoO, from 0 to 2.0 parts by weight of TiO.sub.2 and from 0 to 0.8 part by weight of CeO.sub.2.

Abstract: A dark gray colored glass comprising 100 parts by weight of a soda lime silicate glass as a matrix component and coloring components consisting essentially of from 0.8 to 1.5 parts by weight of total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.1 to 0.3 part by weight of FeO, from 0 to 1.0 part by weight of TiO.sub.2, from 0.0005 to 0.015 part by weight of Se, from 0.02 to 0.05 part by weight of CoO and from 0.002 to 0.05 part by weight of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Glass having low solar radiation and ultraviolet ray transmittance, which consists essentially of a soda lime-silica type matrix glass containing from 0.53 to 0.70 wt % of total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of TiO.sub.2 and from 0.5 to 0.8 wt % of total cerium calculated as CeO.sub.2, wherein the weight of FeO calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 is from 30 to 40% of the weight of the total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A deep gray colored glass comprising 100 parts by weight of matrix components and coloring components consisting essentially of: from 0.8 to 1.4 parts by weight of total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, at most 0.21 part by weight of FeO, from 0.05 to 1.0 part by weight of TiO.sub.2, from 0.0005 to 0.015 part by weight of Se and from 0.02 to 0.05 part by weight of CoO, wherein the matrix components comprise from 65 to 75 wt % of SiO.sub.2, from 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 10 to 18 wt % of Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O, from 5 to 15 wt % of CaO, from 1 to 6 wt % of MgO and from 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of SO.sub.3.

Abstract: Glass having low solar radiation and ultraviolet ray transmittance, which consists essentially of a soda lime-silica type matrix glass containing from 0.53 to 0.70 wt % of total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.2 to 0.4 wt % of TiO.sub.2 and from 0.5 to 0.8 wt % of total cerium calculated as CeO.sub.2, wherein the weight of FeO calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 is from 30 to 40% of the weight of the total iron calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: Ultraviolet ray absorbent colored glass for buildings and vehicles, which consists essentially of from 65 to 75 wt % of SiO.sub.2, from 0.1 to 5.0 wt % of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 , from 10 to 18 wt % of Na.sub.2 O, from 0 to 5 wt % of K.sub.2 O, from 5 to 15 wt % of CaO, from 1 to 6 wt % of MgO, from 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of SO.sub.3, from 0.08 to 0.20 wt % of vanadium as calculated as V.sub.2 O.sub.5, from 0.36 to 0.65 wt % of MnO.sub.2, from 0 to 0.0020 wt % of CoO and from 0.06 to 0.18 wt % of iron as calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein from 0 to 10 wt % of the total iron content is FeO.

Abstract: A glass substrate for a magnetic disc having a finely and isotropically roughened surface, wherein the maximum height R.sub.max of the surface roughness is substantially not higher than 700 .ANG. at a standard length of 250 .mu.m and substantially not less than 50 .ANG. at a standard length of 50 .mu.m.

Abstract: A dark gray colored glass comprising 100 parts by weight of a soda lime silicate glass as a matrix component and coloring components consisting essentially of from 0.8 to 1.5 parts by weight of total iron calculated as Fe2O3, from 0.1 to 0.3 part by weight of FeO, from 0 to 1.0 part by weight of TiO2, from 0.0005 to 0.015 part by weight of Se, from 0.02 to 0.05 part be weight of CoO and from 0.002 to 0.05 part by weight of Cr2O3.