Abstract: This optical coupler for coupling a plurality of visible light beams having different wavelengths includes: a substrate made of a material different from lithium niobate; and an optical coupling function layer formed on a main surface of the substrate. The optical coupling function layer includes: two multimode-interference-type optical coupling parts; optical-input-side waveguides and an optical-output-side waveguide connected to one multimode-interference-type optical coupling part, and optical-input-side waveguides and an optical-output-side waveguide connected to the other multimode-interference-type optical coupling part. The multimode-interference-type optical coupling parts, the optical-input-side waveguides, and the optical-output-side waveguides are made of a lithium niobate film.

Abstract: A producing method for a cylinder block includes: a spraying step of spraying a metallic material onto a bore inner surface of at least one cylinder bore formed in the cylinder block to form a spray deposit thereon; a pressurizing step of applying a predetermined pressure onto a surface of the spray deposit formed on the bore inner surface in the spraying step; and a honing step of applying a honing processing to the surface of the spray deposit after the pressurizing step.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes on a tread surface at least two circumferential main grooves extending in a tread circumferential direction, and a rib-like land portion partitioned by the two circumferential main grooves extending in the tread circumferential direction, wherein: the rib-like land portion has one or more circumferential sipes extending in the tread circumferential direction; and the rib-like land portion has one or more one-end opening lateral grooves and one or more first one-end opening sipes, the one-end opening lateral grooves extending from one of the two circumferential main grooves in a tread widthwise direction until a position connecting to the circumferential sipes, and ending within the rib-like land portion; the first one-end opening sipes extending from the other of the two circumferential main grooves in a tread widthwise direction, and ending within the rib-like land portion without connecting to the circumferential sipes.

Abstract: The pneumatic tire of this disclosure comprises on a tread surface a widthwise outermost land portion partitioned by an outermost circumferential main groove and a tread edge, wherein: the widthwise outermost land portion has a plurality of side sipes extending to a tread widthwise outer side in a manner spaced from each other in the tread circumferential direction; the widthwise outermost land portion has an inner circumferential sipe and an outer circumferential sipe, the inner circumferential sipe extending in the tread circumferential direction, the outer circumferential sipe being positioned on a tread widthwise side outer than the inner circumferential sipe and extending in the tread circumferential direction; and, when h1 is a groove depth of the outermost circumferential main groove, h2 is a sipe depth of the inner circumferential sipe, and h3 is a sipe depth of the outer circumferential sipe, h1, h2 and h3 satisfy: h1>h>h2.

Abstract: The disclosed pneumatic tire includes a plurality of circumferential main grooves and is configured to be mounted in a specified vehicle mounting direction. On the tread surface, an inner shoulder land portion does not substantially include a groove, and has only one or more inner circumferential sipe extending in the tread circumferential direction and a plurality of inner widthwise sipes extending in the tread width direction, and an outer shoulder land portion has a plurality of widthwise grooves communicating with the circumferential main groove and the tread edge and extending in the tread width direction and an outer widthwise sipe located between the widthwise grooves adjacent in the tread circumferential direction and extending in the tread width direction.

Abstract: The pneumatic tire of this disclosure comprises on a tread surface a widthwise outermost land portion partitioned by an outermost circumferential main groove and a tread edge, wherein: the widthwise outermost land portion has a plurality of side sipes extending to a tread widthwise outer side in a manner spaced from each other in the tread circumferential direction; the widthwise outermost land portion has an inner circumferential sipe and an outer circumferential sipe, the inner circumferential sipe extending in the tread circumferential direction, the outer circumferential sipe being positioned on a tread widthwise side outer than the inner circumferential sipe and extending in the tread circumferential direction; and, when h1 is a groove depth of the outermost circumferential main groove, h2 is a sipe depth of the inner circumferential sipe, and h3 is a sipe depth of the outer circumferential sipe, h1, h2 and h3 satisfy: h1>h3>h2.

Abstract: An LED lamp has a substrate on which an LED is mounted, a dome-shaped translucent part covering the LED, a heat-radiating section connected to the substrate, a metal cap section to be connected to a power supply source, and a socket unit for connecting the heat-radiation section and the metal cap section, the socket unit having a socket opening section; the heat-radiating section having a body section connected to the substrate, a plurality of heat-radiating fins connected to the body section, and a cover section connected to the heat-radiating fins, the cover section covering the heat-radiating fins; and an air channel being configured so as to pass through from a gap between the translucent part and the cover section, between the heat-radiating fins, and to the socket opening section.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes on a tread surface at least two circumferential main grooves extending in a tread circumferential direction, and a rib-like land portion partitioned by the two circumferential main grooves extending in the tread circumferential direction, wherein: the rib-like land portion has one or more circumferential sipes extending in the tread circumferential direction; and the rib-like land portion has one or more one-end opening lateral grooves and one or more first one-end opening sipes, the one-end opening lateral grooves extending from one of the two circumferential main grooves in a tread widthwise direction until a position connecting to the circumferential sipes, and ending within the rib-like land portion; the first one-end opening sipes extending from the other of the two circumferential main grooves in a tread widthwise direction, and ending within the rib-like land portion without connecting to the circumferential sipes.

Abstract: A producing method for a cylinder block includes: a spraying step of spraying a metallic material onto a bore inner surface of at least one cylinder bore formed in the cylinder block to form a spray deposit thereon; a pressurizing step of applying a predetermined pressure onto a surface of the spray deposit formed on the bore inner surface in the spraying step; and a honing step of applying a honing processing to the surface of the spray deposit after the pressurizing step.

Abstract: An LED lamp has a substrate on which an LED is mounted, a dome-shaped translucent part covering the LED, a heat-radiating section connected to the substrate, a metal cap section to be connected to a power supply source, and a socket unit for connecting the heat-radiation section and the metal cap section, the socket unit having a socket opening section; the heat-radiating section having a body section connected to the substrate, a plurality of heat-radiating fins connected to the body section, and a cover section connected to the heat-radiating fins, the cover section covering the heat-radiating fins; and an air channel being configured so as to pass through from a gap between the translucent part and the cover section, between the heat-radiating fins, and to the socket opening section.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source that includes at least one LED element and a module including a substrate on which the light source is mounted, and a holder in which at least a part of the module is arranged and held. The holder includes a cylindrical portion that includes a stepped portion and a flange of a heat conductor extending from an outer peripheral edge of the stepped portion on which the substrate is arranged, and the holder includes an insulation layer that covers at least outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: A sludge adhesion inhibiting structure for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is characterized in that a sludge inhibiting layer inhibiting generation or adhesion of sludge is formed on a surface of an area inside the internal combustion engine into which oil as a liquid does not always spread and which is contacted by oil mist as a gas. Preferably, the sludge inhibiting layer is made up of a solid alkali substance. Furthermore, the sludge inhibiting layer is provided in a head cover and formed on an inner surface of an oil separator chamber separating the oil from a blow-by gas.

Abstract: A lighting device (10) includes a light source (22) that includes at least one LED element and a module (12) including a substrate (23) on that the light source (22) is mounted, and a holder (15) in that at least a part of the module (12) is arranged and held. The holder (15) includes a cylindrical portion (19) that includes a stepped portion (20) and a flange (21) of a heat conductor (18) extending from an outer peripheral edge of the stepped portion on that the substrate (23) is arranged, and the holder includes an insulation layer (16) that covers at least outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion (19).

Abstract: A sliding bearing is constructed by an upper split bearing half and a lower split bearing half. The upper split bearing half has a sliding surface, in which an oil groove which allows a lubricating oil to flow therein is formed over the entire circumferential extent of the sliding surfaced. The oil groove extends through a crush relief to be open to a junction area, and the oil groove has a bottom which is formed so that a portion disposed toward the junction area as considered in the circumferential direction of the crush relief is located closer to the center of the upper split bearing half in comparison to a central portion. An ingress in large quantities of foreign particles within the oil groove onto the sliding surface of the sliding bearing and into a connecting rod bearing after passing through a lubricating oil feed passage is suppressed, and an oil leakage through the crush relief is reduced, allowing a lubricating oil pressure to be secured and augmented.

Abstract: A planar light-emitting device having a plurality of light units each including a light source and a lightguide member that guides light received from the light source through an end surface serving as a light-entrance surface disposed to face the light source and that emits the light from an upper surface and two mutually opposing side surfaces after changing the optical path of the light, and further has a reflecting member having a light-reflecting surface on which the light units are disposed. The lightguide member has an elongated shape. The light units are disposed in linear arrays each in which the light units are linearly disposed in series in the elongated direction of the lightguide member. The linear arrays extend in the elongated direction of the respective lightguide members. The linear arrays extend in parallel with each other and are spaced from each other in a width direction perpendicularly intersecting the elongated direction of the lightguide members.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to increase measurement precision for measuring errors of a quadrature demodulator. An error measurement device 10 receives an I signal and a Q signal from a quadrature demodulator 4 for demodulating a signal to be demodulated including multiple carrier signals respectively different from each other in frequency, and measures a gain imbalance which is a ratio of the amplitude of the Q signal to the amplitude of the I signal.

Abstract: A planar light-emitting device comprises a plurality of light-emitting units each including a lightguide plate and arranged adjacent to each other. Each lightguide plate has an upper surface as a light-exiting surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a peripheral side surface extending between the peripheral edges of the upper surface and the lower surface, wherein a light-entrance surface is defined by a part of the peripheral side surface. The light-entrance surface has a first protruding portion extending from and along the light-entrance surface and an opposite surface opposing the light-entrance surface has a second protruding portions extending from and along the opposite surface. In each adjacently disposed pair of light-emitting units, the first protruding portion of the first light-emitting unit abuts against the second protruding portion of the second light-emitting unit. The light source is disposed underneath the abutting first and second protruding portions.

Abstract: A planar light-emitting device allowing for high luminance uniformity has a plurality of light-emitting units (4), each including a lightguide plate (3) having a light-exiting surface, an opposite surface opposite to the light-exiting surface, a peripheral side surface extending between the respective peripheral edges of the light-exiting surface and the opposite surface, and a light-entrance surface (3a) defined by a part of the peripheral side surface. Each light-emitting unit further includes a light source (2) adjacently disposed to face the light-entrance surface to emit light into the lightguide plate through the light-entrance surface. The light-emitting units are arranged in a plurality of mutually adjacent rows with the light-exiting surfaces (3a) of their respective lightguide plates being substantially flush with each other. Adjacent rows of the light-emitting units are displaced relative to each other in the direction of the rows.

Abstract: A modulation error measurement device according to the present invention receives a demodulated signal containing a demodulated I signal and a demodulated Q signal from a quadrature demodulator receiving an RF signal output by a quadrature modulator and applying the quadrature demodulation to the received RF signal, and measures a quadrature error corresponding to a phase difference between an I component and a Q component of the modulated signal. The quadrature modulator applies quadrature modulation to an original I signal (?1) and an original Q signal (?2) having frequencies different from each other.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus that measures, as an error under measurement, at least one of a gain error and a phase error of a quadrature demodulator or a quadrature modulator as a measurement target. The measurement apparatus includes an output control section that causes the measurement target to output a signal, a detecting section that detects a measured signal representing a real component and an imaginary component of the signal output from the measurement target, and a calculating section that calculates, as the gain error or the phase error, a solution for a variable that maximizes a correlation value between the measured signal detected by the detecting section and an ideal signal that includes the error under measurement as the variable and that represents the measured signal that should be output by the measurement target.