Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an oral composition that possesses an excellent teeth remineralization promoting effect and that is capable of effectively promoting teeth remineralization even when retained in the oral cavity for a short period of time. An oral composition in which (A) a calcium salt of organic acid, (B) a fluoride, and (C) a basic peptide and/or a basic protein in which 60% or more of the constituent amino acid residues are basic amino acid residues are added in combination is capable of dramatically promoting teeth remineralization as a result of a synergetic effect of these components and is capable of effectively promoting teeth remineralization even when retained in the oral cavity for a short period of time.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for activating proliferation of follicle dermal papilla cells comprising an acidic saccharide alkaline earth metal salt, wherein the acidic saccharide is selected from the group consisting of a phosphorylated saccharide and lactobionic acid. The acidic saccharide is preferably a phosphorylated saccharide. The alkaline earth metal salt is preferably a calcium salt or a magnesium salt. In accordance with the present invention, the proliferation of follicle dermal papilla cells is promoted. Thus, the agent for activating proliferation of follicle dermal papilla cells is expected to produce hair-restoration and hair-growth effects such as treatment of hair thinning, prevention of hair loss, promotion of hair restoration, and promotion of hair growth.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for activating proliferation of follicle dermal papilla cells comprising an acidic saccharide alkaline earth metal salt, wherein the acidic saccharide is selected from the group consisting of a phosphorylated saccharide and lactobionic acid. The acidic saccharide is preferably a phosphorylated saccharide. The alkaline earth metal salt is preferably a calcium salt or a magnesium salt. In accordance with the present invention, the proliferation of follicle dermal papilla cells is promoted. Thus, the agent for activating proliferation of follicle dermal papilla cells is expected to produce hair-restoration and hair-growth effects such as treatment of hair thinning, prevention of hair loss, promotion of hair restoration, and promotion of hair growth.

Abstract: Method for incorporating a lysine derivative (particularly an N?-benzyloxycarbonyl-lysine (Z-Lys) derivative) having useful functional group such as heavy atom, selenium, reactive functional group, fluorescent group or crosslinker, which is suitable as a non-natural amino acid, into a desired protein in a site-specific manner. A mutant pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase has substitution of at least one amino acid residue selected from tyrosine residue at position 306, leucine residue at position 309 and cysteine residue at position 348 each constituting a pyrrolysine-binding site in the amino acid sequence for pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase of SEQ ID NO:2. The substitution of the amino acid residue is: of tyrosine residue at position 306 by glycine or alanine residue, of leucine residue at position 309 by glycine or alanine residue, and/or of a cysteine residue at position 348 by valine, serine or alanine residue.

Abstract: Method for incorporating a lysine derivative (particularly an N?-benzyloxycarbonyl-lysine (Z-Lys) derivative) having useful functional group such as heavy atom, selenium, reactive functional group, fluorescent group or crosslinker, which is suitable as a non-natural amino acid, into a desired protein in a site-specific manner. A mutant pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase has substitution of at least one amino acid residue selected from tyrosine residue at position 306, leucine residue at position 309 and cysteine residue at position 348 each constituting a pyrrolysine-binding site in the amino acid sequence for pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase of SEQ ID NO:2. The substitution of the amino acid residue is: of tyrosine residue at position 306 by glycine or alanine residue, of leucine residue at position 309 by glycine or alanine residue, and/or of a cysteine residue at position 348 by valine, serine or alanine residue.

Abstract: There are provided a DNA construct comprising a suppressor tRNA gene of a non-eukaryote containing no internal promoter functioning in a eukaryotic cell, and a eukaryotic or bacteriophage promoter linked at the 5? end of the tRNA gene, a method for synthesizing a suppressor tRNA by using the DNA construct, and a process for producing protein incorporating a non-natural amino acid by using the same.

Abstract: A non-natural protein having at least one ester bond in its polypeptide main chain is synthesized by using an in vivo translation system in a ribosome. The following components (a) to (c) are expressed in a cell or an cell extraction solution in the presence of an ?-hydroxy acid: (a) an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase which can activate the ?-hydroxy acid; (b) suppressor tRNA which can bind to the ?-hydroxy acid in the presence of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; and (c) a gene encoding a desired protein having a nonsense mutation or a frame-shift mutation at a desired site.

Abstract: Method for incorporating a lysine derivative (particularly an N?-benzyloxycarbonyl-lysine (Z-Lys) derivative) having useful functional group such as heavy atom, selenium, reactive functional group, fluorescent group or crosslinker, which is suitable as a non-natural amino acid, into a desired protein in a site-specific manner. A mutant pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase has substitution of at least one amino acid residue selected from tyrosine residue at position 306, leucine residue at position 309 and cysteine residue at position 348 each constituting a pyrrolysine-binding site in the amino acid sequence for pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase of SEQ ID NO:2. The substitution of the amino acid residue is: of tyrosine residue at position 306 by glycine or alanine residue, of leucine residue at position 309 by glycine or alanine residue, and/or of a cysteine residue at position 348 by valine, serine or alanine residue.

Abstract: There are provided a DNA construct comprising a suppressor tRNA gene of a non-eukaryote containing no internal promoter functioning in a eukaryotic cell, and a eukaryotic or bacteriophage promoter linked at the 5? end of the tRNA gene, a method for synthesizing a suppressor tRNA by using the DNA construct, and a process for producing protein incorporating a non-natural amino acid by using the same.

Abstract: There are provided a DNA construct comprising non-eukaryote-derived suppressor tRNA gene containing no internal promoter functioning in a eukaryotic cell, and a eukaryote-derived or bacteriophage-derived promoter linked at the 5? end of the tRNA gene, a method for synthesizing a suppressor tRNA by using the DNA construct, and a process for producing a non-natural amino acid-incorporated protein by using the same.

Abstract: A non-natural protein having at least one ester bond in its polypeptide main chain is synthesized by using an in vivo translation system in a ribosome. The following components (a) to (c) are expressed in a cell or an cell extraction solution in the presence of an ?-hydroxy acid: (a) an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase which can activate the ?-hydroxy acid; (b) suppressor tRNA which can bind to the ?-hydroxy acid in the presence of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; and (c) a gene encoding a desired protein having a nonsense mutation or a frame-shift mutation at a desired site.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a protein having an unnatural amino acid introduced therein, the process including: expressing in a eukaryotic cell an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, a nucleic acid having a sequence containing a eukaryote-derived tRNA nucleotide sequence linked to the 5? end of a tRNA nucleotide sequence that is ligated with to an unnatural amino acid in the presence of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, an unnatural amino acid, and a gene of a desired protein having a nonsense mutation at a predetermined position, to integrate the unnatural amino acid at the nonsense mutation position into the protein, thereby expressing a protein having an unnatural amino acid introduced therein.

Abstract: Method for incorporating a lysine derivative (particularly an N?-benzyloxycarbonyl-lysine (Z-Lys) derivative) having useful functional group such as heavy atom, selenium, reactive functional group, fluorescent group or crosslinker, which is suitable as a non-natural amino acid, into a desired protein in a site-specific manner. A mutant pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase has substitution of at least one amino acid residue selected from tyrosine residue at position 306, leucine residue at position 309 and cysteine residue at position 348 each constituting a pyrrolysine-binding site in the amino acid sequence for pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase of SEQ ID NO:2. The substitution of the amino acid residue is: of tyrosine residue at position 306 by glycine or alanine residue, of leucine residue at position 309 by glycine or alanine residue, and/or of a cysteine residue at position 348 by valine, serine or alanine residue.

Abstract: There are provided a DNA construct comprising non-eukaryote-derived suppressor tRNA gene containing no internal promoter functioning in a eukaryotic cell, and a eukaryote-derived or bacteriophage-derived promoter linked at the 5? end of the tRNA gene, a method for synthesizing a suppressor tRNA by using the DNA construct, and a process for producing a non-natural amino acid-incorporated protein by using the same.

Abstract: A process of treating sesame oil to obtain sesame lignans and flavors contained in the oil in higher purity and yield is provided. In the process, the sesame oil is subjected to a supercritical extraction.